THE CODEX AND THE BEITISH PHAEMACOPCEIA. 627 
Bigaradier, Citrus vulgaris^ Risso. Citrus Bigaradier, Nouv. Duhamel; 
Aurantiacees. Divided thus:— 
*The leaf, employed under the name of orange leaves. The flower, as orange 
flowers. 
The fruit green and not ripe, named Orangette or Petit-grain ; these are the 
unripe fruit which fall from the tree soon after the blossoming, and commonly 
called orange peas. 
The fruit ripe, which is the bitter orange. 
^The epicarp, known as bitter orange peel or curaejoa. The oil and the water 
are distilled from the flowers, both of which are much esteemed in England, and 
the water is becoming more used every day as a flavouring, and in France may 
be called the rival of Vanilla. 
^Bistorte, Polygonum JBistorta Linn. Polygonacees. The root. Bistort, or 
Snake-weed. Is considered a good astringent by French writers, and was so 
formerly in England, and, besides being administered internally, was employed 
as an injection in gleet, etc., but it has now made way for what some consider 
more certain remedies. 
^Bouillon-Blanc ou Molene, Verhascum Tliapsus^ Linn.; Scrofulariacees. The 
leaf and flowers of Mullein are used, and considered softening and pectoral; the 
seeds are said to have been used by poachers to poison fish. Lind. 
*Bourrache, Roru^o officinalis, Linn.; Borraginees. The leaf and flower of 
Borage are used in tisanes, and pass for sudorifics and diuretics. 
Buchu ou Bucco, Diosma crenata, Linn.; Rutacees. The leaf. 
Busserole, Raisin d’ours ou Uva-ursi, Arhutus Uva-ursi^ Linn.; Vacciniees. 
The leaf. These last two, Bucco and Uva-ursi, which are much esteemed with 
us, do not carry the asterisk, while borage and mullein, discarded remedies, have 
it. This may probably be due to the fact that they (the latter) are popular 
remedies. 
*Cachou, Catechu. The astringent juice, of which there are many kinds 
extracted by decoction with water, either of the fruit of Areca Catechu L. 
(Palmiers), or of the wood of Acacia Catechu (Legumineuses), or of the leaves 
of Nauclea Gambir (Rubiacees). Remark—Howmver numerous the sources of 
Catechu, it possesses in all similar properties, which it owes to one principle, 
I’acide cachutique, catechutic acid or catechucin, very soluble in boiling water, 
but only slightly in cold. This explains why in the different parts of India 
where the catechus are prepared, the most valued result, not from the direct 
evaporation of the products of boiling, but from the thickening and drying in 
the open air of the deposits formed upon the cooling of the liquids. Catechu 
consequently is not entirely soluble in cold water, but should dissolve com¬ 
pletely in boiling water and hot alcohol; it should contain neither starch nor 
earthy matter ; a greenish-black precipitate is produced by the persalts of iron. 
The only kind of catechu which is described as officinal, because it is one of 
the best, and has taken the place of the others commercially, is the catechu of 
Pegu or Casheuttie (this is the black catechu of the P. B., but the pale catechu 
is preferred pharmaceutically with us). This is a pure extract, of a dark brown, 
solid and brittle, with a slightly bitter and very astringent taste, succeeded by a 
sweetish taste. It is in rectangular loaves, which, in spite of a large leaf with 
which each has been enveloped, are united in one mass. It is probable that, 
like the Gambir, it is an extract of the leaves of theUncaria Gambir. The P. B. 
says the extract from Pegu is that of the inner wood of Acacia Catechu. 
*Cannelle de Ceylan, Cinnanionium Ze.ylanicum, Breyne, Lauracees. The 
bark peeled, yielding a volatile oil of a very sweet odour, having a specific gravity 
of from 1-025 to 1-059, giving crystals instantaneously upon the admixture of 
nitric acid. This is, I need scarcely add, the ordinary Ceylon cinnamon oil. 
*Capillaire du Canada, Adiantim pedatam^ Linn. ; Fougeres. This kind is 
