SALOON.] 
GREEK SCULPTURES. 
J07 
No. 17. Two terminal heads, joined back to back; one, of the 
bearded Bacchus, the other, of Libera. Found by Mr. Gavin Hamilton 
in an excavation in the neighbourhood of Rome. Pt. 2. PI. xvn. 
Around the sides of the Room are deposited, during the construction 
of the new Greek and Roman Rooms, the following sculptures: — 
On the floor, eleven bas-reliefs, formerly part of the celebrated mau¬ 
soleum at Halicarnassus, a tomb erected in honour of Mausolus, King of 
Caria, by his wife Artemisia, in the 4th year of the 106th Olympiad, 
B.c. 353. This monument, one of the seven wonders of the world, was 
built by the architects Phiteus and Satyrus, and adorned with sculptures 
by five sculptors, viz.: Pythis, who made a quadriga for the top; 
Scopas, or Praxiteles, who sculptured the eastern ; Bryaxis, the 
northern ; Timotheus, the southern ; and Leochares, the western side; 
all artists of the later Athenian school. The subject of the frieze is 
the battle of the Greeks and Amazons, and Hercules appears among 
the combatants. The style of at least two artists can be traced in these 
sculptures ; and apparently more sculptures from different parts of the 
building have been preserved. In a.d. 1522, these sculptures were 
discovered amidst a heap of ruins, and employed by the Knights of 
Rhodes in the construction of the castle of St. Peter at Halicarnassus, the 
present fortress at Boudroum, in the w T alls of which they remained en¬ 
cased till their removal in 1846, when they were presented by the Sultan 
Abd-al-Mehjid to Sir Stratford Canning, H.M. Ambassador at Con¬ 
stantinople, and by him to the British Museum. In this room are also 
placed a circular altar, with a subject in bas-relief, which formerly 
stood on the sea-shore of Halicarnassus, and a draped female statue 
without a head, supposed to represent a Roman Empress in the cha¬ 
racter of Isis, which w T as also inserted into the walls of the fortress of 
Boudroum; and two bas-reliefs representing gladiatorial combats; and 
two others, votive offerings to Pluto or Aesculapius; from Boudroum ; 
also presented by Sir Stratford Canning. 
Bas-relief from a frieze representing an Amazon on horseback 
galloping to the left. Found at Halicarnassus, and supposed to have 
formed part of the sculptures of the mausoleum. Presented by Com¬ 
mander Spratt, jR.N. 
Above the preceding, and attached to the Wall, are— 
Nos. 1—23. Bas-reliefs, representing the battle of the Centaurs and 
Lapithse, and the combat between the Greeks and Amazons; they were 
found in the ruins of the temple of Apollo Epicurius (or the deliverer) 
built on Mount Cotylion, at a little distance from the ancient city of 
Phigalia in Arcadia. These bas-reliefs composed the frieze in the 
interior of the Celia. The battle of the Centaurs and Lapithse is sculp¬ 
tured on eleven slabs of marble (1—11). That of the Greeks and 
Amazons occupies twelve (12—23). The direction of the slabs be¬ 
longing to the former subject was from right to left; that of the latter 
from left to right. 
A circumstance which adds very much to the interest of these mar¬ 
bles is our knowledge of the precise time w 7 hen they w r ere executed; 
for Pausanias, in his description of this temple, informs us that it was 
built by Ictinus, an architect contemporary with Pericles, and who 
built the Parthenon at Athens. These marbles are all engraved and 
