54 
NATURAL HISTORY. 
[north 
this species, partly to hydrous oxide of iron;—also the red iron-ore, 
generally divided into compact red iron-stone and red hematite, are 
varieties only of this species of argillaceous iron ores. 
Case 16. Hydrous oxide of iron or brown iron-stone , among the 
most remarkable varieties of which species are, the micaceous, called 
gotkite , in delicate transparent tables of a blood-red colour ; that in fine 
scales coating the cells of lava; a shilling brownish-black variety used 
as hair powder by the Bootchuana natives beyond the Great River in 
South Africa; the fibrous brown iron-stone or brown hematite; the 
compact and the ochrey brown iron-stone.. With these are placed speci- I 
mens of several sub-species of argillaceous or clay iron-stone , such as the 
columnar, the reniform, the pisiform, (pea-ore); among the varieties here j 
deposited of this latter, is a sample of the rounded and angular grains 
from the size of a millet-seed to that of a small hazel nut, which, on the 
10th of August, 1841, descended as a shower at Iwan, in the Comitate j 
of Oedenburg in Hungary, and were considered as a new species of real 
meteorites, until their terrestrial origin was fully ascertained by micro ¬ 
scopic observation and analysis. 
Case 17. Oxide of copper :—red or ruby-copper compact, foliated, 
and fibrous: one of the more remarkable is the bright-red capillary 
variety from Rheinbreitenbach, called chalcot.richite , (in which selenium 
has been discovered by Kersten,)and from the Bank mines in Siberia; 
-—the ferruginous red oxide of copper or tile-ore , an intimate mixture 
of red copper and brown iron-ochre from Hungary, Siberia, &c. ; the 
black oxide or copper-black , generally mixed with the oxides of iron 
and manganese. — Oxide of bismuth or bismuth-ochre , from Saxony and 
Bohemia .—Red oxide of zinc from New Jersey, also called spartalite j 
and sterlingite.—Black and yellow earthy cobalt , both called cobalt - j 
ochre , which seem to be hydrates of the oxides of cobalt and manga¬ 
nese, frequently mixed with oxide of iron .—Oxide of uranium , or 
uran-ochre , and the hydrous protoxide of the same, called pitch-ore. 
Case 18. Oxide of lead :—the native minium from Hessia (first j 
described by Mr. Smithson), from Siberia, &c., probably produced I 
by the decomposition of galena;—with this is placed the beudantite y j 
a mineral from Horhausen on the Rhine, which, according to Wol¬ 
laston, consists only of the oxides of lead and iron. — Oxide of tin or 
tin-stone , divided by Werner into common tin-stone and wood-tin : j 
among the specimens of the former (chiefly from Cornwall, Saxony, , 
and Bohemia) may be specified the greyish^ white crystals resembling j 
scheel-ore or tungstate of lime, the regular and macled crystals, the 
pebble-like and granular tin-stone (shoad-tin, stream-tin, grain-tin, &c.), ) 
the columbiferous oxide of tin from Finbo in Sweden; among the I 
varieties of wood-tin, are some composed of radiated-fibrous small 1 
globules, others marked with concentrically disposed, brown and yellow i 
colours, and called toad’s eye wood-tin, fortification wood-tin, &c. To | 
which are added some specimens of metallic tin, the result of smelting, j 
of which the more remarkable, on account of its locality, is that cast J 
in the form of thick wires, brought by Capt. Clapperton from Soudan i 
in Africa. 
In the next Case begin the oxides of electro-negative bodies, and 1 
their various combinations. 
Case 19. Alumina and Aluminates. To the former belongs the 
