1881.] - 
AMERICAN AGRIO ULT GRIST. 
171 
Growing Forest Seeds and Making 
Plantations. 
Many persons contemplate the planting of 10 acres of 
forest trees to secure a title to 160 acres of land, in com¬ 
pliance with the provisions of the Congressional Timber 
•Culture Act. There are, practically, but two methods of 
making such plantings—planting with tree-seeds and 
planting with tree-seedlings. Either plan involves the 
preparation of the prairie soil, which is usually broken 
in the month of June, to the depth of IX to 4 inches, and 
plowed again 3 or 4 inches deeper, a few months later, and 
Afterwards sown to some crop. This working of the soil, 
and the action of the elements, causes the decay and pul¬ 
verizing of the sod, and fits the soil for the reception and 
growth of tree-seeds and tree-seedlings. The Timber 
Act fixes the distance of the trees at 4 by 4 feet, thus 
requiring 2,722 trees per acre tf or an aggregate of 27,220 
for the 10 acres. If the method of planting with seeds is 
■adopted, the cost will vary according to the kind of seeds, 
and will require, with most of them, at least 4 years 
cultivation ; or, if trees instead of seeds are planted, 3 
years cultivation, before they will attain a size sufficient 
to shade the ground to prevent the growth of weeds. 
The vitality of many kinds of tree-seeds is short-lived, 
and unless properly handled and planted before their 
vitality becomes impaired, they may fail to germinate, or 
the plants may make only a feeble and unsatisfactory 
growth. Some tree-seeds do not germinate until the 
lapse of months after planting. After the seeds have 
germinated, careful cultivation is essential; any neglect 
in this respect will result in a growth of weeds, which 
will exclude the sun-light and the circulation of the air, 
•causing a partial or entire loss of the young seedling- 
trees. The first season’s growth of many kinds of tree- 
seedlings is very small, Evergreens and European Larch 
attaining a bight of 1 to 5 inches; the Ashes, Hickory, 
Beech, Sugar and Red Maple, Cherry, Chestnut, and Lin¬ 
den, 4 to 12 inches ; Black Walnut, Catalpa, Butternut, 
Black and Honey Locust, 12 to 36 inches; the rate of 
growth being dependent upon conditions of climate, soil, 
■culture, and the habits of the species. Evergreens and 
European Lurch require shade for one or two years after 
■planting, which renders it impracticable to grow the trees 
from seed in ordinary open field culture. All the other 
species mentioned may be planted in permanent forest. 
Owing to the slow germination and growth of some kinds 
of trees, during the first season, weeds will make their 
appearance in advance of the trees, and be troublesome 
and expensive to remove by the slow and tedious method 
•of hand-weeding. The more rapid growers would not 
require, perhaps, to exceed two hand-weedings; the cul¬ 
tivation between the rows, each way, being done by horse¬ 
power. Aside from the difference in thecostof seeds, these 
kinds of trees may be grown from seed sown in perma¬ 
nent. forest. Owing to the existence of different con- 
■ditions of climate, soil, and culture of seeds, etc., the 
■cost per acre of planting with seed, and the first year’s 
■cultivation, can only be approximately estimated. It may 
be assumed, however, that the cost of such species as 
will most readily germinate, under the care of the aver¬ 
age planter, and such as can be grown in field culture, 
consisting, in part, of the above-mentioned kinds, will 
not exceed the following estimates: 
COST OP SEEDS FOK 10 ACRES. 
Catalpa, Honey Locust, and some of the Oaks can be 
substituted, in part, at about the same cost of plants, de¬ 
pending upon the quantity of seed planted. 
Bibs. White Ash, $1 00,. $5 00 
B “ Box Elder, 80,. 4 00 
5 “ Black Cherry, 80,. 4 00 
2 “ “ Locust,! 00,. 2 00 
3 bushels Black Walnut, $3 00,. 9 00 
2 “ Hickory Nuts, 3 00.. 6 00 
1 “ Soft Maple, or I „ nn 
2 “ Butter-Nuts, ( . “ uu 
Packing and freight charges,. 4 50 
Total...$37 50 
Cost of first year’s cultivation of 10 acres, planted with 
tree seeds, would be as follows: 
Planting—10 days, at $1.50 per day,. $15 00 
Cultivation, $3 00 per acre,. 30 00 
Hand-weeding 3 times, 3 days each time per acre, 
total 90 days, $1 5p per day,. 135 00 
Total..$180 00 
Grand total cost. $217 50 
By the adoption of the plan of growing the seed in 
drills, 4 to 6 inches wide, and the drills 2 feet apart, occu¬ 
pying an area of half an acre, for the period of one year, 
and then transplanting into permanent forest, the cost 
might be much less. 
This plan requires the seeding to be done at least one 
year before the trees are required lor planting in forests, 
in compliance with the provisions of the Timber Cul¬ 
ture Act. A valuable wooded plantation may often be 
made at a lower figure than is usually supposed, and 
prove a source of great profit to the planter. H. M. T. 
[We fear onr contributor’s large figures will frighten 
many people who ought to be growing trees. To expend 
$217.50 the first year, is equivalent to paying down $1.36 
per acre for the 160 acres to be secured, to say nothing 
of the following year’s care of the trees. In our edi¬ 
torial notes at the West, last year, page 459, we de¬ 
scribed the simple mode of setting slips of Willow, 
Lombardy, Poplar, and Cottonwood, on fresh broken 
prairies, which can be done at small expense of money 
or labor.—E d.] 
Minos and Mining*’.—“ C. F. P.,” Law¬ 
rence, Mass.—It is safe to assume that no mine 
so valuable as the one described in the circular sent 
you, need go outside of New York City for stock- 
takers. Whenever such schemes are sent over 
the country, promiscuously, they are very good 
schemes to —let alone. 
The advertisement of “ Aultman-Taylor ” Threshing Ma¬ 
chinery, which attracted such general attention among 
farmers and threshermen in our March number, will appear 
again in May 
Liquid Paints. 
ARE STRICTLY FIRST-CLASS 
PURE LINSEED OIL PAINTS. 
THE BEST IS THE CHEAPEST. 
These are the purest, finest, richest, and 
most durable paints ever made for structural 
purpose. They are prepared ready for the 
brush in thirty-two newest shades and stan¬ 
dard colors, suitable for tne tasteful decora¬ 
tion of dwellings and all classes of buildings, 
inside and out, and for all purposes where a 
perfect protective coating is required, and, 
covering body and durability considered, 
they are twenty-five per cent cheaper than the 
best White Lead or any other hind of paint 
now in use. 
tS7~ Our Asbestos Liquid White has been adopted for inte¬ 
rior and exterior work of the U. S. Capitol at Washing- 
ton.SFS 
SJ?~ The Metropolitan Elevated R. R., of New York City, 
is painted with our vaints. apt 
ASBESTOS ROOF PAINT.— Brown, Ked, Tel. 
low, Gray, Buff, Slate, Cream, and White, for tin and shingle 
roofs, iron work, fences, out-buildings, etc. We guarantee 
this to be a better article than has ever before been offered to 
the public for similar purposes. 
Samples of Colors and Descriptive Price-Lists by Mail. 
H. W. JOHNS’ M’F’G CO., 87 Maiden Lane,N. Y. 
Manufacturers of Asbestos Roofing, Boiler Cover¬ 
ing, Steam Packing, Sheathing, Cements, Coat¬ 
ings, etc. 
"Through a number of years the H. W. Johns' M’f’g. Co. 
have established an enviable reputation for making liquid 
paints that are remarkable for their durability and beauty. 
Their ABbestos Liquid Paints have real merit, and all who 
contemplate painting their farm and other buildings should 
bear this in mind. We can gladly refer the reader to our 
recommendations of this firm and its paints in the past.”— 
American Agriculturist, Nov., 1880. 
I« the Only machine that received an award on both I 
Horse-power and Thresher and Cleaner, at the Centen¬ 
nial Exhibition; was awarded the two l*6t Cold 
Medals £ iven bj’ the New York State Agricultural 
Society on Horse-powers and Threshers ; and is the ] 
Only Thresher selected from the vast number built in I 
the United States, for illustration and description in 
4i Appleton’s Cyclopedia of Applied Mechanics," re¬ 
cently published, thus adopting it as the Standard J 
machine of this country. Catalogue eent free. Address 
MINARD HARDER, Cobleskill, Schoharie Co., N.Y„ I 
<o 
LlI 
DC 
O 
H 
O 
> 
SALT 
FOR LAND, FRUIT TREES, 
etc. FERRIS’ LAND INVIG- 
ORATOR and CROP PRO¬ 
TECTOR has in it all the Salt land 
requires besides other ingredients that 
make it very valuable. Death to Hes¬ 
sian Fly and other pests. Use it and 
sian Fly and other pests, use it and 
ap a golden harvest. Large quantitv of Agricultural Salt 
i hand. EDWIN FERRIS «fc CO., 
Wholesale Salt & Fish Dealers, 18S & 185 Washington St., N.Y. 
WHY 
Higgins’ Eureka Salt is a little more expensive 
than other salt, is because it costs to manufac¬ 
ture 30 to 40 per cent rntre than Ashton’s, which 
in the past has been the highest priced English 
salt in our market. 
The method of manufacture invented by Mr. 
Higgins, and for which the English Government 
has granted him a patent, is as much of an improve¬ 
ment over the ordinary method of salt manufacture 
as Bessemer steel is an improvement upon iron. It 
is more expensive —first, because the brine is 
purified previous to being run into the evaporat¬ 
ing pans. Second, only the medium size grains 
are packed for dairy purposes, the salt being 
screened or sifted in order to secure this result, 
and also to take out all the pan scale which 
is found in other salt. Thus the great improve¬ 
ment of absolute purity loith uniformity of grain is 
secured, making it far superior to all other salt, 
and, notwithstanding the increased cost, Mr. Hig- 
gings has placed it upon the market at about the 
same price as Ashton’s, and its superior quality 
has commanded such universal praise and reduced 
the demand for other brands so much that the'r 
proprietors are now forced to relinquish a part of 
the enormous profits they have been making here¬ 
tofore, and they are now seeking to hold their 
trade by lowering their price. Of course steel rails 
cannot be sold as cheap as iron, or refined sugar 
quite as low in price as raw sugar, but notwith¬ 
standing, it is generally admitted that they are 
worth the difference in price, and so is Higgins’ 
salt. The difference in the price of good and poor 
quality of dairy products is very large, while the 
difference in the cost of using the best and the 
poorest salt is very small (less than V 30 of a cent 
per pound on butter, and ‘/«o of a cent per pound 
on cheese), the keeping properties of the salt may 
make a hundred times this difference. This is why 
the demand for Higgins’ salt has increased so 
enormously, and why it is now sold by most salt 
dealers wherever fine butter and cheese is made.— 
American Dairyman, Feb. 24, 1881. 
RAY’S Patent SUN 
SHADE and Umbrellas. 
Easily adjusted to the body, 
leaving arms, hands, and head 
free. A sure protection to all 
prosecuting their work or play 
exposed to sun or rain, in addi¬ 
tion to the Comfort and En- _ 
dwrance that It renders. It will prevent a large percentage 
of sickness and sun-stroke. Write for Circulars and Price- 
List to BERGLUND & CO., 252 Broadway, New Fork. 
f 
50 
Cards, Chromo, Motto, Roses, etc., all new 
style, name on, 10c. Ag’ts Samples, 10c. 
G. A. SPRING, Northford, Ct. 
J /'w Happy Day, Chromo, Lace, etc.. Cards, with 
/HI I name and Morocco Case. 10c. 
TV_II. M, COOK, Meriden, Conn, 
K CHROMOS, name in new type, 10c„ by mail, 
O U 40 Agts. Samples, 10c. U. S. Caud Co., Northford, Ct. 
f- A Lithographed Cliromo Cards, no 2 alike, 10c. 
Vi Name in fancy type. Conn. Card Co., Northford, Ct. 
1 AO OCEAN SHELLS & CHROMO CARDS, 
_|£ no 2 alike, name on 10c.; 50 for 6c.; 40 Gilt & Bevel 
Edge 10c. CLINTON & CO., North Haven, Conn. 
1 AO NEW STYLE CHROMO CARDS, Name 
lUfl At tun on 10c., or 40 all GILT & BEVEL EDGE 
Cards, 10c. U. S. CARD FACTORY, Clintonville, Ct. 
gl ALL PARIS, GOLD, SILVER, BIRDS, 
tf JL Floral, Chromo & Bevel Edge Cards. With name 10c. 
6 Packs 50c. BEVEL EDGE CARD CO., Northford, Conn. 
fif A Paris, Motto, Chromo, Birds, Shells, Gold, 
fj\j Silver, &c., Cards, no 2 alike, with name 10c., 6 
packs 50c. ROYAL CARD CO., NORTHFORD, CONN. 
GOLD AN I) SILVER CHROMO CARDS, 
with name, 10c., post-paid. 
G. I. REED & CO., Nassau, N. Y. 
ELEGANT GENUINE CHROMO 
CARDS, no two alike, with name. 10c. 
SNOW & CO., Meriden, Conn. 
20 
50 
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etc., 
Gold, Silver, Landscape, Chromo. 
Cards, in case, with name. 10c. 
E. H. PARDEE, Fair Haven, Ct. 
A GENTS WANTED for the Best and Fastest-Selling 
Pictorial Books and Bibles. Prices reduced 3S per 
cent. NATIONAL PUBLISHING CO., Philo., Pa. 
