244 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
[June, 
A Folding Lunch Trough for a Team. 
Mr. John Stewart, Sandy Creek, sends 
drawings and description of a folding lunch 
trough. In its construction take an ordinary 
2 1 / Vbushel grain bag, rip down one side, and 
cut out the bottom. Take three pieces of inch 
board, cut one side of each to a circle cor¬ 
responding to the width of the grain bag. 
Tack the bag around the edges of the three 
pieces, one at each end, and 
the third in the middle. 
The legs are four in num¬ 
ber, made of 1 by 2-inch 
material, and long enough, 
when crossed and opened, 
to bring the trough up to 
the right hight. The up¬ 
per ends of the legs are 
fastened to the upper cor¬ 
ners of the end pieces by 
wooden screws, and se¬ 
cured to their mates by 
small bolts, a small brace 
crossing between each pair 
near their bottoms. In 
using the trough, unfasten 
the breast chains of the 
team, and let the pole of 
the wagon rest upon the 
legs, passing under the 
F ' S 'r^,AU 0UGH bottom of the trough and 
making it very firm. 
When the feeding is over, bring the two 
ends together when the trough is folded, as 
shown in fig. 2, and occupies but little space. 
Neatness in the Dairy. 
The reader of the pleasing and instructive 
little book “ Farm Echoes,” by Mr. Starr, 
must be impressed with the fact that the suc¬ 
cess of the proprietor of “ Echo Farm,” Litch¬ 
field, Conn., is largely due to conscientious 
neatness in all his dairy operations. Mr. 
Starr’s herd consists of over one hundred and 
ninety Jersey cattle, and some prize cows of 
the Ayrshire breed. The Jersey bull “ Litch¬ 
field ” proudly stands at the head of the herd ; 
he won the Centennial award, also the special 
first prize offered by the American Jersey Cat¬ 
tle Club for the best Jersey bull. A few years 
ago Mr. Starr, “ luxuriating here in the finest 
and richest of cream and milk, and realizing 
that many thousands of the residents of New 
York and Brooklyn were actually suffering 
for the want of those blessings,” resolved to 
supply the need. From that time until now 
Mr. Starr’s name has been intimately associ¬ 
ated with the best quality of dairy products, 
“ bottled milk from ‘ Echo Farm,’ ” etc., etc. 
This is a marked illustration of the fact that 
quality is a measure of value, and of the im¬ 
portance of encouraging the most fastidious 
consumer in ideas of neatness. From the 
chapter on “Farm Buildings” we select a 
few sentences, which show how careful one 
of the most successful dairymen is in all his 
dairy work. “ There is a free circulation of 
pure air, both in the cow room and the cellar 
below it, being ventilated through the cupolas 
on the roof.... The wash-room, or as the 
men call it, the ‘ parlor,’ communicates with 
this room, and every man is required to wash 
his face and hands, and brush his hair before 
milking. Too many persons give a well-kept 
dairy all the credit for clean, pure milk. 
Cleanliness and purity begin at the barn. 
When milk is taken to the dairy in proper 
condition, it may, by good management in 
that department, be kept pure, but no dairy, 
however magnificiently kept, can transform 
an impure article into that which is fit for 
use.” The floors of Mr. Starr’s stables are 
sanded every day, though in summer the 
animals are there only long enough to be 
milked at morning and evening. Not only 
does this sand preserve cleanliness, but when 
afterwards placed on the land it pays for all 
the trouble of getting and using it. Even 
the conversation of the hired men is required 
to be clean ; foul language and boisterous 
talk being forbidden by the charitable pro¬ 
prietor. We wish all who are interested in 
pure products of the dairy might visit “ Echo 
Farm,” and learn by observation how much 
can be done, and with profit too, in the way 
of neatness in dairy operations. All who go 
there will, in a short hour, see many things 
which teach the observers that farming of the 
right kind pays even in Old Connecticut. 
A Manure Hook. 
A handy manure hook can be made from 
a worn-out axe, as is shown in the engraving, 
from a sketch sent by Wm. Alexander, St. 
Lawrence Co., N. Y. The dotted lines rep¬ 
resent the old axe, out of which the black¬ 
smith makes the long and nearly circular 
hook. “ It is very useful for breaking down 
manure which is frozen in the heap, and con¬ 
venient for many other purposes upon the 
farm.” The making over of old and worn- 
out tools into new and useful ones often re¬ 
sults in great saving. A person with mechani¬ 
cal tact will often rescue a discarded imple¬ 
ment from the old iron box, and with a trifling 
outlay of labor convert it into some new form 
in which it is perhaps quite as valuable as it 
was in its original condition, or even more so. 
Poiaio Salad. —Some salads are depen¬ 
dent upon the season, but; potato salad may 
be had the year round. The foundation is 
cold boiled potatoes sliced, the thinner the 
better. In the season use chives with parsley; 
when chives can not be had, onions chopped 
fine are a good substitute. There is no rule 
for making this salad. Having the potatoes, 
add chopped chives (or onions) and parsley, 
salt and pepper, and then vinegar, allowing 
those who like oil to add it at pleasure.. 
A Small Lift Gate.. 
A very neat model of a Lift Gate for a 
picket fence was sent by Rob’t.. C. Davis, 
near Philadelphia, Pa., from which, the en¬ 
gravings here given were made. He writes r 
‘' I nail an inch piece, 2, 3, or 4 inches wide*, 
on the top rail, and the same on the bottom, 
one, flush with the outside. Two or three 
pickets are nailed to these strips. I then. 
saw the two pieces through to the rails at a 
bevel [as shown in figure 1.— Ed.] This gate 
can be lifted up and set at one side, but can 
not be pushed in or pulled out. No rope or 
other fastening is required, besides it is [as a. 
gate], almost invisible ; which is many times 
an advantage. I have several gates of this 
kind around a large garden, and find them 
very convenient.” The gate as lifted out, 
and set on one side, is shown in figure 2. 
Another Stump Puller. 
Mr. J. E. Fugua, Vigo Co., Ind., sends a 
drawing of his stump puller, from which the 
accompanying engraving is made. It con- 
A HANDY STUMP PULLER. 
sists of a wooden lever 12 inches in diameter' 
and 30 feet long. An iron band, 6 inches 
wide and 3 / 4 inch thick, is placed around the 
lever, 3 feet from one end. A log chain is- 
attached to this band ; the team is fastened 
by a clevis to the opposite end. In pulling- 
the stump, the chain is drawn around the- 
stump and the end link secured to it by a 
stout iron pin, driven in through the link, 
as shown in the accompanying engraving. 
