AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
266 
master of the bake proclaims that all is 
ready, a second invitation is not needed. In 
the primitive style of the writer’s boy days, 
each one found something that would serve 
for a seat, if only a big stone, and all the 
guests gathered around the heap, but the 
present method is that shown in the engrav¬ 
ing, where a temporary table is spread, and 
the clams and other contents of the bake are 
served in large tin pans. Each person is 
provided with a cup of melted butter, to 
which he adds vinegar, pepper, etc., at dis¬ 
cretion. The clam is removed from his open 
shell and taken by its syphon (commonly 
“ snout”), dipped in the butter and conveyed 
to the mouth. The uninitiated find it a little 
awkward at first, but after the first clam 
no further instruction is needed. The shore 
rule is not to stop eating so long as one can 
see over the heap of shells in front of him. 
Contents of This Number. 
[Articles marked with a star (*) are illustrated; the fig¬ 
ure with the star indicates the number of illustrations.] 
Ailanthus, The, in Towns and Cities.275 
Barbed Fence Suit, The Great.298 
Barn, A Convenient Small..2*. .278 
Barrels, Kerosene.272 
Bee Notes for July. 272 
Boat, How to Build a Small. 5*..252 
Boat, “Lock” for a Small.2*..270 
Boys’ and Girls’ Columns Doctor's Talks .—How 
Fireworks are Made—What is Gunpowder ?—What 
Makes the Rocket Go Up?—The Roman Candle. 
Our Puzzle Box. A Dish of Fruit. The Doctor’s 
Correspondence. The Cannon as Seen in Times 
of Peace.7*..290-292 
Celery, How to Plant. 287 
Clam-Bake, A Farmer's. . *..265 
Clover in Georgia.. . ....275 
Commercial Matters. 298 
Commissioner of Agriculture, A New..273 
Corn. Notes on Culture.275 
Crop, The Maximum.273 
Dairy Reforms Needed.276 
“Doctoring ” Farm Animals .278 
Dogs, Some of the Leading of 1881.14*..277 
End Board of a Cart, Fastening to the.*. .269 
Ensilage—Its “ Outs ”.279 
Farmers’ Consciences. 279 
Farming Prospects, N. Y. State.298 
Fence Stakes, Convenient Aid in Wiring.*..269 
Fertility of Pastures, Maintaining the..269 
“Firing,” in Treatment of Horses.271 
Grape Vine, The, in Summer. 286 
Grass, Hungarian, and its Relatives.278 
Hay, Loading. .281 
Helps, Garden—Sticks and Strings .287 
Hints and Helps for Farmers.4*..270 
Hints, Hot Weather.279 
Horse, Fixture fora Kicking.*..278 
Horse, Keeping One—Second Prize Essay_3*. .280-281 
Horticulture in New York.286 
HouseholdA n “Annex” to a Coffee Mill. A 
Hammock for the Baby. Home Topics. A Door 
Fender for Children. Household Notes and Que¬ 
ries. A Cream Warmer.6*. .288-289 
Humbugs, Sundry .272 
I nsect Po wder.270 
“Iroquois,” the Winner of the Derby. 274 
Jack, The King Wagon.*..275 
Jerseys, American, Recent Sales.300 
Snatch, A Double Gate.*..275 
Lawn Mowers, With and Without Collectors.*..268 
Leaf Hopper, The Grape Vine “Thrips”.*..286 
Locust, The Rocky Mountain, alias Western Grass¬ 
hopper .6*..283-284 
London Purple—Paris Green.274 
Lucerne, or Alfalfa, in Indiana.271 
JHeadows, Top-dressing. . 283 
North Carolina, Good for.274 
Notes on Orchard and Garden Work..207-268 
Pastures, Maintaining the Fertility of .269 
Phloxes—The Chickweed Phlox.*..285 
Perennials, Herbaceous from Seed. 287 
Plasters, Land. 270 
Plow for Corn.*..270 
Pigs, What Breed of to Raise.275 
Prices in 1880 and 1881.299 
Protector, A Hand. *..283 
Pruning Trees. 300 
Reins for Three Horses Abreast.* .279 
Roses, “Hybrid Perpetual” . 287 
Scales, Pocket. 300 
Slide, A Movable, to a Work Bench.*.. 283 
Solomon’s Seal, The Japanese.*..285 
Stock, Quickly Maturing Live.282 
Stool, Improving a Milk.272 
Suggestions of and for the Season.266 
Thistles, Canada.282 
Tim Bunker—Tobacco, Hookertowu Views on Rais¬ 
ing.268 
“ Trichine Tester.” The New.2*..273 
Wind Engines, The Halladay.,*..274 
Worm, The Army.283 
Worm, The Bronzy Cut.267 
5®" See Special Announcement on p. 299. 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
NEW YORK, JULY, 1881. 
Suggestions of and for the Season. 
Work with the Crops. 
The cultivator should be kept at work in 
the corn-field, both to kill the weeds and 
mellow the soil. The full returns for work 
done with the cultivator are not all obtained 
in the harvest of a single crop, but the good 
effects of the tillage are felt in succeeding 
years. Some farmers stop the cultivator so 
soon as the horse can catch the leaves of the 
corn; it is better to put on a muzzle, and 
continue the work, thus keeping down the 
weeds, and leaving the ground in better con¬ 
dition for the crops that are to follow. 
The work of harvesting wheat, oats, and 
barley, will come this month, and it should 
be begun as early as possible ; any delay is a 
source of loss in a number of ways. If al¬ 
lowed to get “ dead ripe,” the grain is not so 
good and plump, and sells for less, because it 
does not make so good flour, the straw is less 
digestible than when cut just as the grain 
has passed out of the “milk.” There is less 
waste from shelling of the grain, and besides 
the hurry which comes from waiting, until 
all the work comes in a bunch, is avoided. 
Have everything in the way of hired help 
and machinery ready to go into the harvest 
field on time ; delays are dangerous. 
Late haying will be done this month, and 
much that is to be gathered will be of a secon¬ 
dary quality from the neglect to cut it earlier. 
A field of ripened and brown grass is a sad 
evidence of neglect, if not of downright 
thoughtlessness and folly ; and the farmer 
who delays making his hay when it is at its 
best,—when the grass is in flower—must 
suffer a loss in having poor fodder for his 
stock. Late cut hay may—and should be— 
very largely cured in the cock, instead of 
parching it in the hot sun. The heating and 
sweating that it will undergo with this 
management, will improve it, and' make it 
easier to handle. Hay caps, as mentioned in 
last month’s Notes, are very valuable, often 
saving their cost during a single storm. 
Hungarian Grass, or Golden Millet, may be 
sown this month for hay, (see page 278). Mil¬ 
let that was sown in the spring should be 
cut before it gets much beyond heading. If 
allowed to stand longer it decreases in value, 
and the beards will become a source of an¬ 
noyance to the stock, especially to horses. 
Repeated sowings of fodder corn may be 
made for a continuous supply of green feed, 
until the close of the growing season. The 
small, quick-growing varieties are preferable. 
A quantity of green fodder at hand when the 
pastures get dry, as they very often do in the 
latter part of the summer, will keep the 
cows up to a full flow of milk, and will be 
good food for other farm animals. 
Swedish Turnips, can be sown up to the 
middle of this month. The ground from 
which early potatoes have been taken, is 
excellent for a late crop of this kind. The 
seed should be sown in drills 30 inches apart; 
allow about 3 lbs. of good seed per acre. 
As soon as the hay is removed from the 
meadow a good top dressing, of finely di¬ 
vided, well-rotted manure, may be applied 
with excellent results. It will produce a 
[July, 
thick bottom, thus preventing the sun from 
burning up the roots, and also give a good 
second growth, for cutting or for pasturage. 
For a late crop, or one to occupy a piece of 
newly cleared land, there is nothing better 
than Buckwheat, which may be sown during 
the month of July. The amount of seed to 
be sown is from three to four pecks to the 
acre. If sown much later than the middle 
of the present month, the frosts are apt to 
come before the grain is matured. 
When root crops are introduced into the 
rotation, there is no need of the summer fal¬ 
low to clear the ground ®f weeds and make 
it deep and mellow. These good results are 
obtained with the culture and growth of root 
crops, and at the same time there is no loss 
of the use of the land for a year. 
Car« of Live Stock. 
Horses are hard-worked, and need the best 
of care during the hot days of summer. 
Frequent brushing, rubbing, and currying 
will be necessary to remove the sweat stains, 
and make the coat smooth. An occasional 
washing, especially of the legs and feet, is 
important. Flies will cause great incon¬ 
venience, and if not guarded against, will 
worry the animals greatly. A cotton sheet 
is a great protection, and costs but little. 
Horses should have water frequently, but in 
small quantities, and should not be allowed 
to go thirsty so long as to overload them¬ 
selves when they finally come to drink. The 
feed should be substantial—something more 
than grass is demanded by a working horse, 
especially if its time for eating is limited, a& 
is often the case during this month. The 
stables, and all the surroundings of the horse, 
should be kept clean; a faifure here may 
develop bad gases that may breed disease. 
Cows that are in milk should be watched 
and given extra feed so soon as signs of a 
falling off are seen. It is very difficult to 
increase the flow after a shrinkage occurs. 
So soon as the pasture begins to get short, 
supplement the feed of the field by a ration 
of green fodder in the yard or stall. Many 
cows suffer from the excessive heat, being 
exposed the whole day through to the hot 
sun in a treeless and shadeless pasture. A 
pasture should afford a comfortable place, as 
well as furnish food for the animals, that 
the greatest profit may be obtained. 
Store Sheep will not need much more feed 
than a good pasture will afford. Give them 
salt at frequent intervals, and see that they 
have shade through the hot days of mid¬ 
summer and a free access to pure water.. 
Sheep for the butcher should be fed liberally^ 
with meal. A quart of ground feed per day 
will, with good pasturage, bring the animals, 
into good marketable condition. 
Pigs profit by a good rim in clover, or fresh 
grass. They are naturally clean animals, 
pud only become “pigs” when they have 
mire and mud holes for a run. Young pigs 
that are designed for the early winter market 
should be pushed now by extra feed. A rapid 
growth at this time will make much differ¬ 
ence in the profit of keeping pigs. Pig pork 
is the best, and young pigs of an early ma¬ 
turing breed should, therefore, be fattened 
from the start. Sour milk is not enough for 
them; add grain feed in liberal quantities. 
Chickens hatched this month will be large 
enough to go through the coming winter 
with safety. Hens set after July do not al¬ 
ways succeed with their broods. The hot 
