Gallery.] natural history. (Minerals.) 65 
■to hydrous oxide of iron;—also the red iron-ore , generally divided 
into compact red iron-stone and red hematite , are now considered as 
a variety only of this species. 
Case 16. Hydrous oxide of iron or brown iron-stone , among the 
most remarkable varieties of which species are, the micaceous, called 
j othite, in delicate transparent tables of a blood-red colour; that in fine 
scales coating the cells of lava; a shining brownish-black variety used 
as hair powder by the Bootchuana natives beyond the Great River in 
South Africa; the fibrous brown iron-stone or brown hematite ; the 
compact and the ochrey brown iron-stone. With these are placed speci¬ 
mens of several sub-species of argillaceous or clay iron-stone , such as the 
columnar, the reniform, the pisiform (pea-ore): among the varieties here 
deposited of this latter, is a sample of the rounded and angular grains 
from the size of a millet-seed to that of a small hazel nut, which, on the 
10th of August, 1841, descended as a shower at Iwan, in the Comitate 
of Oedenburg in Hungary, and were considered as a new species of real 
meteorites, until their terrestrial origin was fully ascertained by micro- 
: scopic observation and analysis. 
Case 17. Oxide of copper : —red ox ruby-copper ( cuprite , Haid.), 
compact and foliated, of which the finest crystallized varieties occur 
in the Bank mines, Siberia, and in Cornwall: one of the more re¬ 
markable varieties is the bright-red capillary cuprite called chalco - 
trichite, (in which selenium has been found by Kersten,) from Rhein- 
breitenbach ;—the tile-ore, most varieties of which are intimate mixtures 
of red copper and brown iron-ochre, from Hungary, Siberia, &c. ;—the 
| tenorite of Semmola, a pure oxide of copper occurring in six-sided 
filmy plates, on the rifts of some Vesuvian lavas;—the black oxide or 
1 copper-black , generally found mixed with the oxides of iron and man¬ 
ganese. Oxide of bismuth or bismuth-ochre, from Saxony and Bo- 
! hernia.— Red oxide of zinc ( zincite of Haidinger, also called spar- 
1 talite and sterlingite), from Sparta in New Jersey; to which is added, 
from the same locality, the franklinite, a mineral composed of the oxides 
of zinc and manganese_ Black and yellow earthy cobalt, both called 
: cobalt-ochre, which seem to be hydrates of the oxides of cobalt and 
I manganese, frequently mixed with oxide of iron. — Oxide of uranium , 
or uran-ochre , occurring at Johanngeorgenstadt and Joachimsthal; 
together with what is called pitch-ore, considered, when in its pure 
state, as a hydrous protoxide of the same metal; which, however, 
requires further confirmation. 
Case 18. Oxide of lead : —the native minium from Hessia (first 
described by Mr. Smithson), from Siberia, &c., probably produced 
by the decomposition of galena. — Oxide of tin or tin-stone (cassiterite, 
Beud.), divided by Werner into common tin-stone and wood-tin : among 
the specimens of the former (chiefly from Cornwall, Saxony, and 
Bohemia) may be specified the greyish-white crystals resembling 
scheel-ore or tungstate of lime, the regular and macled crystals, the 
pebble-like and granular tin-stone (shoad-tin, stream-tin, grain-tin, &c.); 
—among the varieties of wood-tin, are some composed of radiated- 
fibrous small globules, others marked with concentrically disposed, 
brown and yellow colours, and called toad’s eye wood-tin, fortification, 
wood-tm, &c., also in supposititious crystals after feldspar, at St. Agnes, 
Cornwall. (To which are added some specimens of metallic tin, the 
