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ETRUSCAN ROOM. 
branch of a tree ( nakht ) represents victory, power; a lute ( nebel ), 
nefer, good, &c. 
IV. Symbolics, or objects used to represent one idea, as the ibis to 
express an ibis; an ape to express anger. They often have their 
pronunciation written before them in Alphabetic (No. I.) or Sylla¬ 
bic (No. II.) hieroglyphics. 
V. Determinative, or those which determine the sense of words 
written in Alphabetic and Syllabic hieroglyphics, and are used in 
more senses than one; thus, a pair of legs after all sorts of motion, 
with legs, after the Alphabetic or Syllabic, as ha, aka, un, shows that 
they mean to stand, go, appear, &c. 
Hieratic is the written hand, of which hieroglyphics are the finished 
characters employed on monuments. 
Demotic, or Enchorial, is a writing more abridged than Hieratic, in¬ 
troduced about the age of Cambyses, for the purposes of law docu¬ 
ments, letters, and accounts. 
EXPLANATION OF EGYPTIAN TERMS. 
Ceaft.— Head-dress with long lappets pendent on the shoulders and neck. See 
statue of Amenophis III. Egyptian Saloon, 21. Coffins of mummies, &c. 
Gom. —Sort of sceptre, terminating in the head of an animal called the koucoupha. 
See in the hands of a male figure in a fresco painting. Eg. Sal. 176, and object 
Egypt. Room, Cases 10, 11. No. 2022. 
Oskh. —Semicircular collar or tippet worn round the neck. See bust of Rameses 
II. or Ill. (Sesostris), Eg. Sal. 19. Object in Case 46, 49. Div. 2. 
Atf. —Crown of Osiris and other deities, composed of a conical cap flanked by two 
ostrich feathers, with a disk in front, placed on the horns of a goat. See fig. of 
Osiris, Cases, 3, 4, No.601. 
Pschent. —Cap or crown worn by deities and Pharaohs, composed of the shaa and 
teshr. See Pharaonic head. Eg. Sal 15. 
Shaa. —Conical cap, upper portion of the pschent, called also out and uobsh or 
white. See statue of Seti-Menephtah II., Eg. Sal. 61. 
Shenti. —Short garment worn round the loins. See statue of Amenophis III., Eg. 
Sal. 21. Bronze fig. of Amoun-ra, Egypt. Room, Cases 1, 2. No. 9. 
Teshr. —The ‘red’ cap, lower portion of the pschent, cylindrical cap, with tall 
inclined peakbehind and spiral ornament in front. Seefig.Neith, Egypt. Room, 
Amulets, Case 88. Div. 5. 
Tosh. —Royal military cap. Bas-relief of Rameses II. (Sesostris). Cases 1, 2. 
No. 308. 
ETRUSCAN ROOM. 
In this Room is a collection of vases discovered in Italy, and 
known by the name of Etruscan, Graeco-Italian, or painted Vases. 
They are of various epochs and styles. 
The present collection is arranged chronologically and according 
to the localities in which they were found. In the Cases 1—5 
are vases of heavy black ware, some with figures upon them in bas- 
relief, the work of the ancient Etruscans, and principally found 
at Vulci Chiusi, or Cervetri or Caere. To these succeed, in Case 
6—7, the Vases, called Nolan- ^Egyptian or Phoenician, with pale 
backgrounds and figures in a deep reddish maroon colour, chiefly 
of animals. To these succeed Cases 8 to 19, the early vases 
