52 
NATURAL HISTORY. 
[NORTH 
&c. ; variety with granular quartz, from the East Indies, which yields 
the wootz, or salam-steel, remarkable for its hardness ; magnetic iron- 
sand. To these is added the franklinite, a mineral substance com¬ 
posed of oxides of iron, zinc, and manganese. 
Case 16. Hydrous oxide of iron or brown iron-stone , among the 
most remarkable varieties of which species are, the micaceous, called 
gothite, in delicate transparent tables of a blood-red colour; that in fine 
scales coating the cells of lava; a shining brownish-black variety used 
as hair powder by the Bootchuana natives beyond the Great River in 
South Africa; the fibrous brown iron-stone or brown hematite; the 
compact and the ochrey brown iron-stone. With these are placed speci¬ 
mens of several sub-species of argillaceous or clay iron-stone , such as the 
columnar, the reniform, the pisiform, (pea-ore); among the varieties here 
deposited of this latter, is a sample of the rounded and angular grains 
from the size of a millet-seed to that of a small hazel nut, which, on the 
10th of August, 1841, descended as a shower at Iwan, in the Comitate 
of Oedenburg in Hungary, and were considered as a new species of real 
meteorites, until their terrestrial origin w T as fully ascertained by micro¬ 
scopic observation and analysis. 
Case 17. Oxide of copper :—red or ruby-copper compact, foliated, 
and fibrous: one of the more remarkable is the bright-red capillary 
variety from Rheinbreitenbach, called chalcotrichite, (in which selenium 
has been discovered by Kersten,)and from the Bank mines in Siberia; 
—the ferruginous red oxide of copper or tile-ore , an intimate mixture 
of red copper and brown iron-ochre from Hungary, Siberia, &c. ; the 
black oxide or copper-black , generally mixed with the oxides of iron 
and manganese.— Oxide of bism uth or bismuth-ochre , from Saxony and 
Bohemia.— Red oxide of zinc from New Jersey, also called spartalite 
and sterlingite — Black and yellow earthy cobalt , both called cobalt- 
ochre, which seem to be hydrates of the oxides of cobalt and manga¬ 
nese, frequently mixed with oxide of iron_ Oxide of uranium, or 
uran-ochre, and the hydrous protoxide of the same, called pitch-ore. 
Case 18. Oxide of lead: —the native minium from Hessia (first ; 
described by Mr. Smithson), from Siberia, &c., probably produced 
by the decomposition of galena;—with this is placed the beudantite, j 
a mineral from Horhausen on the Rhine, which, according to Wol¬ 
laston, consists only of the oxides of lead and iron_ Oxide of tin or 
tin-stone , divided by Werner into common tin-stone and wood-tin : 
among the specimens of the former (chiefly from Cornwall, Saxony, : 
and Bohemia) may be specified the greyish-white crystals resembling 
scheel-ore or tungstate of lime, the regular and macled crystals, the 
pebble-like and granular tin-stone (shoad-tin, stream-tin, grain-tin, &c.), 
the columbiferous oxide of tin from Finbo in Sweden; among the 
varieties of w T ood-tin, are some composed of radiated-fibrous small 
globules, others marked with concentrically disposed, brown and yellow’ 
colours, and called toad’s eye wood-tin, fortification wood-tin, &c. To 
which are added some specimens of metallic tin, the result of smelting, 
of which the more remarkable, on account of its locality, is that cast 
in the form of thick wires, brought by Capt. Clapperton from Soudan 1 
in Africa. 
In the next Case begin the oxides of electro-negative bodies, and 
their various combinations. 
