288 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
Contents of this Number. 
Amon<r the Farmers. No. 43.—Calves, Sucking th 
—Feeding Calves from Pail—Label and Halt' 
Cows—Grades or Cross-bred Fowls. .2 lUustral 
Barn-Yards.... . 
Bom s as a Fertilizer—Preparation. 
Boxes, Lining with Babbitt Metal. 
[August, 
—Cohesion -Adhesion—Liquid. Solid.and Gas— lt - 
tleness—Flexibility— Malleability— Elasticity—Ca- 
Who is Uncle Hal ?—Size of Cities—Stea 
Pntting Out Flame. Our Puzzle Box. 
Collect Butterflies. Illustrated Rebus, 
per Caught. Hats For Our Horses. .12 lit 
Buckwheat. Harvesting. 
How 
The Trap- 
Cider-honse, A Modern. 
Cotton-Worm—Important Investigation... . 
Drills, About Grain.3 Must-rations. 
Edelweiss, the. Ilustrated. 
Farm Work—Hints for 
Feet, Use of, in Sowing 
Hints and Helps for Farmers: Fastening for Stan¬ 
chions—A Corn Shocking Horse—A Timber Drain- 
Fastening for Feed-Box. 4 Illustration* . 
Horses, English Cart. Illustrated.: 
Household:—H ome Topics: Measles—Flies in the 
House—Where Do Flies Come From ?—A Word 
About Pies—Plain Sweet Biscuit—IIowMuch Soda? 
Old Furniture. Ants in Lawns. A Clothes Rack. 
Thermometers. Kerosene in the Kitchen. A Knife 
Box. Handy Steps. A Boiling Basket. Rve Bread. 
. 9 Illustrations.. 309-311 
Humbugs, Sundry. 291 
Insects, Wheat: Hessian Fly and Midge.294 
Intruders. The. Illustrated.. 287 
Leaf and Its Work.4 Illustrations . 306 
Market Report s....290 
Milk, Carriage for Moving..3 Illustrations . .303 
Milk, Supplying Consumer with.3 Illustrations. .303 
Orchard Notes for August.289 
Plank for Smoothing...2 Mustrat/ons. .i 02 
Plow, The Syracuse Chilled. Illustrated. .297 
Plowing, Fall. 298 
Posts, Fence, when to Cut.300 
Prodncts, American in England.295 
Robins. Protection From. 304 
Rust.. The Wheat. ...5 Illustrations .. 301 
Seeding to Grass in Autumn.302 
Sheds and Barns, Cheap.4 Illustrations.. 305 
Shelters and Grinders for Corn.5 Illustrations . .304 
Slug-Worm, The Pear. Illustrated.. 308 
Turkeys, Roosts For. 305 
Vetch, Spring Bitter. Illustrated. .307 
Worm, Cabbage, Look to. Illustrated . .308 
INDEX TO “BASKET,” AND OTHER SHORT ARTICLES. 
Ailanthns and the “ Trib¬ 
une” .320 
“ American Jute ”.320 
An ts. To Destroy.291 
Ants, Still More about .291 
Apiary, the Floating_320 
Ash. The White.322 
Bee Stinging.321 
“ Big-Head”.322 
Books, New.321 
Books, State and Hand. .321 
Boys at Fairs.293 
Bran. Feeding.322 
Breeds, Choice of.321 
Butter not Gathering_293 
Butter, Trouble with_320 
Cherry. A New.291 
Coffee, Pure.322 
College. Mass. Agr’l.293 
Concrete Buildings.294 
Cooking for Cows.293 
Corn is King.321 
Corn, Seed.293 
Cow, Congh in.292 
Cow, To Fatten.292 
Cows, Hurrying the.293 
Cream. Ropy .322 
Crop. Insuring a Good . .320 
Dairv’g inWarm Climate.291 
Driving after Eating ... .293 
Electricity, Plowing by. .320 
Exposition, Cincinnati . .322 
Fallow vs. Root Crops.. .293 
Farming and low’r prices 294 
Firm of Long Standing.322 
Fodder-Corn, Storing .. .321 
Fodder-Csrn, Time to 
Cnt.293 
Forelock, Where Should 
it Go?.293 
Fruit as Food.320 
Gapes in Chickens.322 
Garget, Salt to Prevent. .293 
Gophers. Pocket ....._320 
Grains. Brewer’s.321 
Grass on Swamp.293 
Harrow for Grass Seed..293 
Hay. Storing.293 
Head to One Side.320 
Heredity and Variation.322 
Horse, Breaking Down. .293 
HorseGnawing a Manger.320 
Implements.322 
Iron in Grain.293 
Jam, Squash.320 
Jersey and Alderney ... .320 
Kansas Board of Agr’l .292 
Lambs for Market.322 
Locust, Seventeen Year.320 
Lucerne for Soiling.295 
Meadow. Treatment of .292 
Miles, Dr. M.291 
Moore. Dr., Death of.320 
Moss Pink.319 
Muck.292 
Name the State.291 
Nettle as Fibre Plant... 319 
Nuts and Nubbins.323 
Paint and Putty.293 
Paris Green and Beetles.292 
Peaches in Florida.291 
Phosphates, The Charles¬ 
ton . 320 
Phylloxera and Black Rot.320 
Plenro-Pneumonia .320 
Plow. Mole.292 
Pork-Making.322 
Posts, When to Cut Fence321 
Poultry. Crossing.292 
Prices,Holding forHigh’r 320 
Quinine, Duty on.. A_291 
Rabbits.293 
Rawle’s Genet, not “Jan¬ 
et;” . 292 
“ Roots ” of Grass.319 
Rust, Raspberry.292 
Rye for Soiling.293 
Sample of Many.291 
Season. Change of.320 
Shingles, Sheet Iron.322 
Soiling. 293 
Spawn. Catfish.320 
Steam in Lumbering. .. 319 
Stock, Live . 320 
Stock, Rule for Buying.. .293 
Strangles in Colt.322 
String-Halt.322 
Sugar, Consumption of..321 
Sugar. Beet. 320 
Snn-Stroke.322 
Tethers for Cows.320 
Tiles. Drain.293 
Tree Planting.822 
Trees, Overhanging.320 
Vanilla Tree. The.319 
Water, Keeping Cool. ..292 
Water Raising.293 
Weeds. Multiplication of.293 
Wheat.Spring.in Indiana.320 
Wheelbarrow. The.322 
Wheels, Broad.322 
Yellows, Peach.321 
Calendar for August, 1879. 
V 
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.300 
.390 
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State . Michi 
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Penn.. Ohio. 
Indiana, and 
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AM ERIC AN A G It ICILTI It I ST. 
NEW YORK, AUGUST, 1879. 
Hints for the Work of the Month. 
[The Hints and Suggestions in these columns are 
never copied from previous years, but are freshly pre¬ 
pared for every mouth, from the latest experience and 
observations, by practical men in each department .] 
The Stubbles are now idle upon most farms. This 
is not desirable; dry weather at this season seri¬ 
ously interferes with plowing, and the work can 
not be well done if it is delayed. As soon as the 
oats have been removed the ground should be 
plowed, and if the weather continues dry, it should 
be cultivated or worked with the harrow. The 
disk or wheel harrow is excellent for this purpose. 
Otherwise a cross plowing should be given before 
the ground becomes hard. The loosened surface 
will keep the bottom from drying out. 
Wheat requires a fine and mellow soil, it is best 
if compact below and roughish on the top. If 
there are any clods, these should be brought up 
from below by repeated harrowings, and broken by 
the roller or the disk harrow. If they can not be 
broken up completely they are better on the top 
than below the surface. A roller will break many. 
Drilling Wheat. —Many farmers are testing the 
practice of cultivating wheat. We hear of frequent 
experiments in this direction, and these have gen¬ 
erally turned out satisfactorily. Cultivating or 
hoeing is easily done by drilling the wheat in 16- 
inch rows, by stopping every alternate spout. It is 
not difficult to construct a simple cultivator that 
will work the spaces between the drills. There are 
two different wheat hoes in the market that do the 
work effectively. Wheat that is sown broadcast 
can not be cultivated. This fact, and the better 
condition of drilled wheat, should be sufficient in¬ 
ducement to use the drill, if the great saving of 
seed and the lessening of labor are not. 
Rye. —Where the soil is not good enough for 
wheat, rye will be sown; but, as a general thing, 
soil that will make a good crop of rye can be made 
sufficiently rich for wheat by careful preparation, 
and the use of 350 or 300 lbs. of artificial fertilizer. 
Liming Land. —Lime is an old-fashioned fertilizer, 
but it should not for that reason be neglected. It 
is cheap, and rarely fails to pay well for its use 
when land is to be seeded to grass and clover. 
Forty bushels per acre of air-slaked lime is usually 
spread from the wagon with a long handled shovel 
upon the plowed ground, and harrowed in with the 
seed. It will do no harm to put on the lime imme¬ 
diately after the manure if it is harrowed in at once. 
Oyster Shells are frequently to be procured for a 
small price, and may be burned very cheaply. To 
burn them, make a heap of shells, and small wood ;. 
brush wood can be used if chopped into small, 
lengths and packed close. Wood and shells are 
packed in layers, and the heap is covered with 
chips and small wood or brush. As it bums down, 
more brush is thrown upon the heap, and it may 
be left to smoulder for two days, when the fire will 
be burned out. A few barrels of water may be 
thrown upou a heap of 300 or 400 bushels, and 
it will slake into a fine powder; when it maybe’ 
spread upon the field. In slaking the lime, the 
water should be thrown on gradually, lest too* 
much be used and the lime become pasty. 
Gas Lime can often be procured for the taking- 
away, at any gas works. It is at least worth the 
cost of carting a moderate distance. But it should 
not be used while it is fresh. If hauled now it may 
be laid in heaps on land to be plowed in next spring 
or on land to be fall plowed, and spread either int 
the fall or spring. A few months’ exposure is 
needed to free it from injurious gases, which pass 
off in time. After 3 or 4 months it becomes Car¬ 
bonate of Lime, or mild lime, with a considerable 
portion of Sulphate of Lime (gypsum) mixed with it. 
Swamp Lands. —No better time than the present 
offers for the clearing of swamp lands. To cut off 
the thick growth of weeds and coarse grass and 
sedges, and bum these on a dry windy day, will 
leave the surface clear, while it is dry enough to 
plow or break up. We find a disk harrow, such as 
the Nishwitz, or new modifications of, the old but 
excellent idea of, sharp steel disks, to be very effec¬ 
tive for such work. The ground, when cut up fine, 
may be seeded to grass at once, with a good 
chance for a successful catch. On swamp lands, a 
good dressing of lime will be found generally useful. 
Drains. —Cut these while the ground is dry. If 
they have been marked, or laid out previously, the 
work can be done now, at half the cost of domg it 
when the ground is full of water. This season is bet¬ 
ter than any other for reclaiming swamp meadows. 
Digging Swamp Muck.—- Muck for use in the sta¬ 
bles and yards, can he dug during this month and 
next. With us contracts can be made at 15 cents 
a cubic yard, for muck laid upon the bank. This 
is the best way to get this work done, when the la¬ 
bor is hired. The excavation can be measured with 
ease and certainty. A cubic yard measures 3 feet 
each way—long, wide, and deep. The muck on 
the bank will dry, and become fine before winter. 
Fodder Crops that have not been used, should be 
cut and cured for winter. Sweet Corn stalks, from 
which the ears have been pulled for market, should 
not be left to waste, but cut up and cured as soon 
as the crop is off. The ground may be plowed at 
once, and sown to White Turnips. There should be 
no wastes of fodder, or of ground, and every little 
saving that is possible, should be made. 
White Turnips may be sown this month, and yield 
a valuable crop. The Cow-liorn, White Norfolk, 
Grey-stone, and other quick growing varieties, will 
make a good growth, before the ground is frozen up. 
Fall Fallowitig .—Experience proves, every season,, 
the wisdom of plowing as much as possible, for 
spring sowing. Early fall plowing, has the benefit 
of fallowing to some extent, and the earlier it is 
begun, the more advantages are derived from it; 
it is more beneficial on heavy land than on light, 
but light land cannot fail to be improved by it. 
Mangels and Beets. —Root crops and field cabbages 
need frequent cultivation during this month, and 
up to the time when the rows become nearly closed 
by their growth. So long as the horse can pass 
along the rows the soil should be stirred deeply. 
Sugar-beets are sweeter the deeper they are covered 
in the ground ; white sugar-beets may be earthed 
up, but mangels and globe beets do not need this; 
\ 
