328 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
[September, 
Contents of this Number. 
Agricnltnre. System of American.345 
Among the Farmers, No. 44: Tethering Cows and 
Horses—Hitching Bar for Saddle Horses—Saddle 
Horses.5 Illustrations .. 340 
Animals. Killing Domestic.4 Illustrations. .342 
Bee Notes for September. Illustrated ..330 
Books, New. etc. 362 
Bot-Fly, The Horse.5 Illustrations .345 
Boys and Girls' Columns:—T he Doctor's Talks: 
Capillary Attraction—Cohesion and Adhesion—Use 
of Blotting Paper, Lamp Wick, etc.—Capillary At¬ 
traction in the Soil, Experiment—The Doctor’s Cor¬ 
respondence: Why Letters are not Answered — 
Game of “Aunt Sallv”—About a Hornets’ Nest. 
Onr Pnzzle Box. What the Duckling Might Have 
Thought. Growth Under Difficulties—Bottled Ap¬ 
ples. What to Do at the Fair. The Boy and His 
Calf. Illustrated Rebus. Some Curious Ways of 
Insects.9 Illustrations. .352-354 
Brace for Kicking Horse.2 Illustrations. .345 
Calender for September.328 
Calves and Yearlings, Feeding.337 
Catalogues, Nurserymen’s Acknowledged.364 
Chickens, Breeding House for. Illustrated ..343 
Club. A Farmers’.345 
Corn—Which Most Prolific?.341 
Correspondence, Editorial.336-337 
Cows, Shorthorn Dairy. Illustrated ..339 
Cup Plant, The... Illustrated. 346 
Fair, Going to the. Illustrated. .327 
Fair List... . 364-362 
Feed Rack, A Cheap . Illustrated ..338 
Fish, Roach, Dace, and not “ Game ’’. Illustrated. .339 
Flies, The Plague of. 34-4 
Flower-Pot, Use of. .348 
Garden, Kitchen and Market.329 
Garden, the Fruit.329 
Gate, ALifiing. . Illustrated ..340 
Grass, West India Green Valley.363 
Hints and Helps for Farmers : A Calf Muzzle—Feeding 
Rack for Sheep—End-Board of Wagon—A Roofing 
Stage—Spring and Hinged Latch.. .10 Illustrations. .344 
Hints for September Farm Work. 328 
Hog’s Head Modified by Domestication.. Illustrated. 3-12 
Household :—Home Topics; Carpet Sweeping—Care 
of Carpets—Choice of a Broom—Bare Floors—Mend¬ 
ing Clothes’Boiler. Easels as Ornaments. A Cheap 
Paper Rack. The Buffalo Moth. Easily Made In¬ 
sertions. Recipes from Michigan. Another Step 
Ladder.10 Illustrations. 349-351 
Humbugs, Sundry . 332-333 
Insects, Walking Stick. Illustrated. .338 
Items of Interest . 363 
Jacks, Some Wagon.4 Illustrations. 343 
Labels for Fruit Trees. Illustrated. .349 
Lilies, Our Native. Illustrated. .347 
Markets for September.330 
Mildew, American Grape. 6 Illustrations. .3IS 
Notes, Horticultural.363 
Orchard and Garden Notes for September.329 
Orchard and Nursery. 329 
Orchids, Money Value of.347 
Paint, Red, in Horticulture .349 
Pond, Fish, Dam for.3 Illustrations. .341 
Potatoes, Perforated. Illustrated. .349 
Poultry. Fattening for Market.342 
Provisions and Breadstuff's, Export of.:. .344 
Raspberry. New, the Chinese. 349 
Roller, Method ol Using. Illustrated ..341 
Roots and “ Yarbs”. 337 
Sheep, Cross-Bred, Value of. Illustrated. .343 
Sheep, Success with .341 
Soiling Cattle, Cost of.342 
Strawberries, A Talk About.2 Illustrations. .345-346 
Slump Puller, A Simple.2 Illustrations. .338 
Tree Planting, Quincunx. Illustrated. ,336 
Water Carrier, The Telegraph.4 Illustrations. .337 
Wheat, Sowing and Cultivating.2 Illustrations. .341 
INDEX TO “BASKET” AND OTHER SHORT ARTICLES. 
“ Apiarian ”.360 Milk. Drinking Sour.362 
Archery. 362|Notices. About.362 
Arrow Heads..332 Oats withWheat.Sowing.334 
Bananas and Cocoanuts.. 360 Oranges aud Lemons_334 
Bone, Ground vs. Super- Papers, Who send us.. .332 
phosphate.335 Peach, The Early, “ Wa- 
Burr-Stone, Balancing. ..335! terloo.”.334 
Calves, Feeding.332 Pickling Seed-Grain. Ills ..134 
Calves, Weaning, 2 Ills ..335 Potato Disease, The.335 
Chess... .360 Pleuro pneumonia.. 335, 359 
Churn, The Best.360 Rabbits.360 
Collars. Celluloid.360 Rabbits, Jack.362 
Concrete.359 Railroads.335 
Congress, Agril. Nat.332 Roof, Repair a Flat.. . 335 
Com for Sheep.360 Roosts, lien.335 
Corn,20 Years in Price of.335 Salt Horn... Illustrated.. 335 
Cow, Another Good.335 Salt on Melons.334 
Crop, The Silk.335 School in Australia.360 
Cutters, Root.33: School Master Abroad.. .331 
Dew. Honey.335 Seed, Cauliflower.333 
Drill, A One-Horse.360 Seed, Sunflower.362 
Drill for Wheat Culture.335 Sheep,WinterPastnre for333 
Dryer, A Fruit.362 Smut, Com.334 
Edelweiss.362 Society, Am. Pomol.334 
Elevator in Building. ...362 
Fences, Notes on.332 
Film on the Eye.3ft) 
Foods, Value of.335 
Fowls, Spade for.360 
Frog Farming.334 
Give it up.332 
Grosbeak. Rose-Breasted.360 
Hay in Stack, Weight of.335 
Header, A Double.360 
Hard Book, American 
Devon.335 
Horses, American 
France.334 
norses. Watering.360 
Ice in Dairy.360 
Insects, Sending by Mail 
2 Ills .334 
Invasion from theNorth.360 
Lime Kilns, Plans of... 335 
Lime on Prairie Soil. ...360 
Mildew, Grape..300 
Society, N. Y. Hort.362 
Stain Wood Brown.360 
Straw,Bearded.Iijjurious 335 
Stump-Pnller.3313 
Succeed, Will He?.360 
Tomato, The.334 
Trees,Annual Growth of.334 
Vinegar Eels. 362 
Warts. 335 
Water, Raising Up Hill..362 
Weeds.360 
Weed. A Persistent. 111. .334 
Weevil, The Wheat . 335 
Willows, Basket.362 
Windmill Arms.. .2 111. .359 
Wind-Sucking.300 
Wools, Low and High 
Priced.334 
Wocl, The Largest 
Fleece.334 
Worms in Swine.335 
Worm, The Bag.333 
Calendar for September, 1879. 
Boston 
ythig- 
y. Y.Cit//. ct ., 
Washington. 
land. A 
1 ork 
Philadelphia , 
Maryland , 
Stale, 
Michi 
A etc Jersey. 
Virginia. Ken- 
gnu 
, Wiscon- 
Penn.. 
Ohio. 
lucky. Missou- 
s 
sin. Zon'd, and 
Indiana, and 
n, 
and 
Cali- 
c- 
Oregon. 
Illinois. ' 
for ilia. 
o'- 
Si 
3 
Z'r 
Z % 
040 . 
^ 
Z"$ 
Mo’n 
rises. 
z * 
S op 
5-2 
H.M 
H.M 
n. m. 
H.M 
H.M 
n. m. 
H.M 
H.M 
n. m. 
1 
M 
'I' 
5 25 
6 35 
6 40 
5 27 
6 33 
6 41 
5 29 6 31 
6 41 
o 
5 20 
6 33 
7 2 
5 28 
6 31 
7 8 
5 30 6 29 
7 5 
3 
w 
5 27 
6 31 
7 27 
5 29 
0 30 
7 29 
5 31 6 28 
7 30 
4 
T 
5 2>< 
6 30 
7 49 
5 30 
6 28 
7 3 3 
5 33 6 26 
7 57 
F 
5 29 
6 28 
8 17 
6 26 
8 22 
5 33 0 25 
8 28 
6 
S 
5 30 
6 26 
8 50 
5 32 
6 25 
8 56 
5 33 6 23 
9 3 
s 
5 31 
i) 24 
9 29 
5 33 
6 23 
9 36 
5 34 6 21 
9 43 
8 
M 
T 
5 33 
6 23 
10 16 
5 34 
6 21 
10 23 
5 35 
6 20 
10 31 
9 
5 34 
6 21 
11 11 
5 35 
6 21 
11 18 
5 36 
6 18 
11 25 
10 
\v 
5 35 
6 19 
morn 
5 30 
0 18 
mom 
5 37 
6 16 
morn 
11 
T 
5 o'* 
6 17 
0 13 
5 37 
6 16 
0 19 
5 38 
6 15 
0 25 
12 
F 
5 37 
6 16 
1 20 
5 38 
6 15 
1 25 
5 39 
6 13 
1 29 
13 
S 
5 38 
6 14 
2 29 
5 39 
0 13 
2 33 
5 40 
6 11 
2 37 
14 
S 
5 39 
6 12 
3 41 
5 40 
6 11 
3 44 
5 41 
6 !0 
3 46 
15 
M 
5 40 
6 10 
sots 
5 41 
6 10 
sets 
5 42 
6 8 
sets 
16 
T 
5 41 
6 8 
6 0 
5 42 
6 8 
6 2 
5 43 
6 6 
6 4 
1? 
w 
5 42 
6 7 
6 29 
5 43 
6 0 
6 31 
5 44 
6 4 
6 35 
IS 
T 
5 4316 
7 0 
5 44 6 4 
7 5 
5 45 
6 3 
7 10 
19 
F 
5 44 6 3 
J S3 
5 45 
6 3 
7 41 
5 46 
6 1 
7 50 
20 
S 
5 45 6 1 
S 24 
r. 46,«> l 
8 31 
5 47 
5 59 
8 38 
21 
S 
5 46 6 0 
9 20 
5 47 > 59 
9 27 
5 48 
5 58 
9 3 -. 
•>2 
M 
5 47 5 58 
10 24 
5 48 
5 58 
10 31 
5 49 
5 56 
10 38 
23 
T 
5 49 
5 5b 
11 33 
5 49 
5 -»6 
11 39 
5 50 
5 54 
11 45 
21 
IV 
5 50 
5 54 
mom 
5 50 
5 :>4 
morn 
5 51 
5 53 
morn 
T 
5 51 
5 53 
0 44 
5 51 
5 53 
0 49 
5 51 
5 51 
0 53 
?o 
F 
5 52 
5 51 
1 53 
5 52 5 51 
157 
5 5> 
5 50 
2 1 
£7 
S 
5 53 
5 49 
3 1 
5 53 
5 49 
3 3 
5 53 
5 48 
3 6 
23 
s 
5 51 
5 47 
4 6 
5 54 
.-> 48 
4 7 
5 54 
5 46 
4 3 
29 
M 
•> 55 
5 45 
rises 
5 55 
46 
rises 
5 55 
5 45 
rises 
so 1 
T 
5 56.5 44 
5 23 
5 56 5 44‘ 
5 31 
5 55 
5 41 
5 S3 
PHASES OF THE MUON. 
MOON. 
BOSTON. 
N. YORK. 
WASH’N. 
oha’ston 
CHICAGO. 
3d Quart. 
New M’n 
1st Quart 
Full M’n 
I>. 
s 
16 
30 
n. m. 
3 20 ev. 
1 13 mo. 
4 36 ev. 
4 33 mo. 
H. M. 
3 8 ev. 
1 lmo. 
4 24 ev. 
4 21 mo. 
H. M. 
2 56 ev. 
0 49 mo 
4 12 ev. 
4 9 1110 
H. M. 
2 44 ev. 
0 37 1110 . 
4 0 ev. 
3 57 mo. 
n. m. 
2 14 ev. 
0 7 mo. 
3 30 ev. 
3 27 mo. 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
NEW YORK, SEPTEMBER, 1879. 
Hints for tbe Work of tbe Month. 
[The Hints and Suggestions in these columns are 
never copied from previous years , but are freshly pre¬ 
pared for every month, from the latest experience and 
observations, by practical men in each department .] 
Fall Grain .—This month is the usual time for 
sowing wheat and rye. From the 10th to the 15th 
is the most popular time, but it is a question if it 
is not better to sow earlier. On any but very rich 
soils, it takes some time for the crop to get thor¬ 
oughly well rooted and tillered, and if tillering is 
not effected before winter, it will rarely take place 
to any great extent in the spring. As the yield 
depends on the tillering, the promise of an early 
sown crop, is better than that of a late one. 
Exceptions to this Buie occur with very rich soils, 
where an excessively strong growth may be looked 
for, and the attacks of the Hessian fly must be 
considered. These hints, it is obvious, cannot be 
made to meet every case in a wide range of locali¬ 
ties ; we give general information, which the intel¬ 
ligent reader will adapt to his own circumstances. 
Late Sowing for Spring Fodder .—It has been 
usual to sow rye as late as October or November, 
for green-fodder in tbe spring. This is not a profit¬ 
able practice. The rye comes up very thin and 
poor, and makes but a light crop. In the writer’s 
experience, it has been found better to plow the 
ground in the fall, top-dress it through the winter 
with fine manure, and as early in the spring as pos¬ 
sible, harrow in 4 bushels per acre of spring rye, 
spreading the manure at the same time with the 
disk harrow. Unless there is some good reason for 
the late sowing of rye, it should be avoided. 
Fertilize.r for Wheat .—Every year’s experience 
proves the value of superphosphate of lime, as a 
special fertilizer for wheat. An experienced wheat 
grower informs us, that he has used 500 lbs. to the 
acre, and that the crop this year, has paid hand¬ 
somely for the outlay. Where a smaller quantity 
was used, the yield was unsatisfactory. 
A Frequent Mistake is made in supposing that if 
a certain quantity of fertilizer w>ll have a certain 
effect, this effect will be doubled by doubling the 
quantity of the fertilizer. This has led to much 
waste and loss. The greatest possible effect is pro¬ 
duced with a certain quantity, varying according to 
circumstances; and each one must discover for 
himself, what this quantity is. In the case above 
quoted, 500 lbs. per acre is the most useful quantity. 
Others have found it best to use 600 lbs. and others 
again, use only 300 lbs. As a rule, the largest ap¬ 
plications may he most safely made, on soils well 
filled with barn-yard manure, or vegetable matter. 
The Use of Lime .—An application of lime will be 
found useful upon any kind of soil, at least once in 
five or six years. It is generally used at this season, 
with a fall grain crop. But where lime is employed, 
it will be useless to apply superphosphate, as this 
combines with the lime, and becomes simple phos¬ 
phate of lime, which is insoluble. Many farmers 
who have applied superphosphate without effect, 
may find the explanation in the fact, that their 
soils were filled with lime, which rendered it inert. 
Smut and Bust .—These troublesome diseases of 
wheat and rye may be prevented by pickling the 
seed. The pickle may be made of strong brine, or 
of a solution of 4 ounces sulphate of copper, in one 
gallon of water. Sprinkle the seed grain, stir thor¬ 
oughly to wet every kernel,and spread to dry. Either 
of these will destroy the spores, which are the seed 
of the parasitic fungi, known by the above names. 
Smut in Com .—Smut is poisonous, or at least 
very injurious, and care should be taken to prevent 
it from being eaten with fodder. It is becoming 
very common in corn. It might be well to pass 
through the corn-fields with a sharp knife and a 
basket, aud cut off all the bunches of smut and 
smutty ears, and carry them out where they may be 
burned. As one square inch of surface may con¬ 
tain 4,000,000 spores of smut, aud every spore is 
capable of producing a smutty plant, it is impor¬ 
tant to carefully destroy every ball of smut. 
Turnips .—The cultivation o'f turnips and ruta¬ 
bagas, consists of keeping free from weeds, and 
thinning out to a proper distance. One good root 
at every 9 inches, is far better than two or three 
poor ones in that space. To have good sound roots 
of any kind, sufficient room must be given. 
Beets and Mangels .—Early sown beets and man¬ 
gels, may be harvested late this month. If left later, 
the roots may become hollow and stringy. An 
over-grown root may be large, but its size is no in¬ 
dication of its value. We harvest our early sown 
mangels as soon as the larger ones become hollow, 
and find they ripen in the pits as well or better, 
than if left in the ground later. The tops may be 
fed to cows or sheep with benefit. 
Pitting Mangels .—In pitting mangels lifted this 
month, care must be taken to manage them so that 
they will not heat. If a cool and well ventilated 
root-cellar is provided, there can be no safer place 
for them. In pitting them in the field, we gather 
20 rows together, which makes a long heap, not 
large enough to cause heating. The roots may be 
covered with the tops, or with straw, held down by 
a few rails. Afterwards these rows may be gathered 
together into pits and prepared for winter. 
Buckwheat .—This crop, being easily injured, 
should be cut after the first light frost. Low 
grounds should be cleared first; upon high ground 
the crop will not be touched by light frosts, and 
here it may be left later. The grain shells so easily 
that it should be harvested early in the morning, 
when moist with dew. After lying a few days to 
cure, it should be raked up when it is moist. 
Beans .—If wet weather occurs when beans are 
ready to pull, it is necessary to protect them from 
the rain. This may be done by driving stakes in 
the ground, and stacking the beaus around them, 
and then covering the top with straw. In pulling 
beans by hand, three or four rows may be thrown 
together, and left loosely, so that they will cure. 
Then, in case of threatened rain, tlipy may be 
quickly gathered into stacks. 
Com should be cut as soon as it is ready. Early 
com will be ready for cutting this month, and the 
stalks will be much more valuable when cut green 
than if left to be killed by frost. Frosted corn- 
fodder will not cure well, and is damaged for use. 
When the grain is well glazed, and hard on the sur¬ 
face, the crop may be cut. Early cutting helps 
