370 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
[October, 
soils and localities, it would be Charles Downing— 
and we have not changed our opinion in the least. 
Blackberries. —It is best to set them in the fall, 
placing them 6 by 8 feet apart. Kittatinny is best 
for genera] use. Snyder is coming into favor. 
Raspberries should also be set in the fall, where it 
can be done, putting them about 4 by 4 feet. See 
article on varieties on page 388 of this number. 
Grapes. —In picking for market, use the Grape- 
shears, which allow the bunch to be picked with- 
out handling to deface the bloom. Teuder-skirmed 
Grapes, like Concord, will keep but a short time ; 
Delaware will keep somewhat longer; Catawba, 
Isabella, Iona, Diana, and other tough-skinned va¬ 
rieties, may be kept until after the holidays. They 
must be well ripened, picked in a dry time in shal¬ 
low trays, and left in a cool, dry room for a few 
days, or until the skin becomes tough. Pack in 
3-lb. or 5-lb. boxes, putting in the fruit from the 
bottom, putting on the cover (the bottom) with 
slight pressure, and tacking fast. Label the other 
6ide, which will be the one to open. Fruit thus 
packed must be kept dry and cool. Prune the 
vines as soon as the leaves have fallen away. 
Mitchen and Market Garden. 
Caring for the crops that are to be stored, and 
preparing for early spring crops, will be the prin¬ 
cipal work. Clean up all rubbish, and wherever a 
plot can be manured and plowed, it should be done. 
Cold Frames— These should be ready for the 
plants of early Cabbage, Lettuce, etc. They can 
be made of rough boards, the rear part to be one 
foot high, front 8 inches, and nailed to posts set in 
the ground, so that the width of the frame shall be 
equal to the length of the sashes. The frames 
should be in a sheltered place, and face the south. 
The object of the cold frame is not to grow plants— 
as some think—but to protect those that would 
otherwise be killed by the frequent changes of 
weather. The sashes should not be put on until 
required. In the South, ridges of earth a foot or 
more in hight, running east and west, are thrown 
up, upon the south side of which plants are set, 
and are covered with straw, if the latitude demands 
it. These ridges are for the same purpose as, and 
take the place of, cold frames in colder regions. 
Roots.— Beets and Carrots are injured by freez¬ 
ing ; Parsnips and Salsify improve. Dig the former 
as soon as growth stops. A moderate supply for 
table use should be packed, with dry earth, in boxes 
or barrels, and stored in the cellar; all others 
should go into a root cellar or into pits. It is ob¬ 
jectionable to have a large quantity of roots or 
fruits in the cellar, as foul gases are constantly ris¬ 
ing through the house, and making the air impure. 
Pits should be in a dry place. The most con¬ 
venient form is that of a square trench, 3 or 4 feet 
deep, and 6 feet wide, in which the roots are in 
clusters of a few bushels, separated by a wall of 
6 inches or so of earth. In this way a portion of the 
roots can be removed without disturbing the rest. 
Asparagus. —Cut and burn the tops, and apply a 
heavy dressing of coarse manure to the bed. 
Beans. —The Limas should be lifted, poles and 
all, at the first frost, and placed under a shed, where 
they will remain fresh for some time. Gather and 
shell the ripe ones for winter use. 
Beets. —Heavy frosts injure these. Dig in time, 
and store in pits. Feed the tops to the cows. 
Cabbages. —Gather before the ground freezes, and 
store in a trench or pit, as shown on page 384, or 
merely set the heads on a place where water does 
not stand, roots up , and cover the heads with a few 
inches of earth. Partly headed cabbages, if set out 
in a trench, close together, and covered with boards 
and when very cold, with litter, will lieud up during 
the winter, and be excellent by spring. 
Carrots.— Dig and store as directed under “ Roots.” 
For feeding to stock, put in root cellar or pits. 
Celery. —For early use, bank up to the top. The 
earth should be fine, and drawn up carefully, hold¬ 
ing the leaves closely in a bunch, so that none gets 
between the stalks. For late use, bank up gradu¬ 
ally, letting the plant grow as long as possible. 
Lettuce.— Sow in cold frame for wintering over. 
Onions. —Sowing in the fall is practised by some. 
The young plants must be covered with litter, to 
keep the frost from heaving them out of the ground. 
Parsnips. —Dig enough for early winter use, and 
store as with Carrots, etc. During the “January 
thaw ” dig for later use. The frost sweetens the 
roots and makes them tender. 
Rhubarb. —This is a good time to set a new bed. 
Divide the old roots, to have a bud with each piece, 
and plant at least 4 by 4 feet, manuring heavily. 
Spinach , in warm localities, may still be sown for 
spring use. Keep that sown last month well culti¬ 
vated until the ground freezes. It is safe to cover 
slightly with bog hay or straw north of N Y. City 
Squashes should be gathered before the frosts 
touch them, and left in heaps covered with the 
vines for a few days, then store them in a dry 
place, where they will not freeze. Handle carefully. 
Suieet Potatoes. —Dig as soon as the first frost 
comes, and store in a dry and warm place. The 
roots should not be bruised. A dry temperature 
not less than 60° is required to keep them well. 
Tomatoes. —The season may be prolonged by pro¬ 
tecting a few plants during the early frosts by 
cloths, or even papers. Make Catsup while the 
fruit is at its best. Green ones can be pickled. 
Weeds.— Gather and burn, to destroy all the seed. 
Flower Garden and Lawn. 
During this month the tender plants, like the 
Coleus, must suffer, if not be entirely killed, while 
the more hardy Geraniums and Chrysanthemums 
may pass all the early frosts uninjured. With some 
care in protecting the more tender plants, this 
may be the attractive month in the flower garden. 
Chrysanthemums that are to flower in the house 
should be taken up at once. Those that remain in 
the beds must be kept tied up to stakes. 
Dahlias are spoiled by the first hard frost. The 
tops should be cut away at once, and the roots dug 
on a warm day, and left to dry in the sun for a few 
hours, after which they should be properly labelled 
and put away in a dry cellar for the winter. 
Carinas.— The roots ought to be dug before the 
plants are killed by the frost; it is better to lose a 
little of their beauty than to have the roots killed. 
The roots should not be allowed to wither before 
putting them in a dry and warm place for the winter. 
Gladiolus and other tender bulbs are to be treated 
as mentioned under Cannas. 
Spring Blooming Bulbs are to be planted now, in a 
bed prepared for them by enriching with old manure. 
Straw and Leaves should be used to cover any 
plants of doubtful hardiness. In raking up leaves 
there is a double advantage—the stock of useful 
leaves, and clean grounds. 
Walks. —This is a good time to make walks. Dig 
out 2 feet of earth, and fill in with stones to 6 inches 
of top, and finish first with coarse and then fine 
gravel upon the surface. Water and roll thoroughly. 
Greenhouse and Window Plants. 
The Greenhouse should be in perfect readiness: 
benches, sash, heating apparatus, and everything, 
that there may be no delay in bringing in the plants 
when the time comes....Supplies should be on 
hand, and in sufficient quantity; soil, labels, moss, 
and all other articles, should be within reach.... 
Seeds of Annuals, like Candy-tuft, Mignonette, 
etc., may be sown, as the flowers are always in de¬ 
mand in winter... .Window plants should be taken 
to an open room without a Are, and by degrees ac¬ 
customed to the air and temperature of a living 
room_Hanging-Baskets should be made up with 
new plants, well watered, and kept in the shade for 
a few days. Do not place them in the confined air 
of the house until it is too cool outside, and then 
give them fresh air as often as possible.Pot Hy¬ 
acinths, Tulips and other bulbs for winter bloom¬ 
ing. Success depends upon having them well 
rooted before the growth of leaves and stem begins. 
Pot in sandy rich soil, and set the pots in a cool 
dark cellar, watering when needed ; when the pots 
are well filled, bring to the light and heat, and they 
will come on rapidly. 
Commercial Matters—Market Prioes. 
The following condensed, comprehensive tables, care¬ 
fully prepared specially for the American Agriculturist , 
from our record kept daily during the year, show at a 
glance the transactions for the month ending Sept. 11th, 
1879, and for the corresponding period last year: 
1. TRANSACTIONS AT TUB NKW YORK MARKKTS. 
Receipts. Flour. Wheat. Corn. line.. Harley. Oats 
27d’s this ni’t.li..426,509 6,268,000 4,209,000 48y,000 206,000 1,287,000 
27 d’s last m'Ui. .402,000 3,696,000 4,931,000 313,000 315,000 1,293,000 
Sacks. Flour. Wheat. Corn. Hue. Ilarleu. Oats 
27 (I’sl/iism’h485.000 19.13o.000* 7,724,000* 601,000 14,000 1,835,000 
27 d's last m’li461.00j 9.384,000* 8,116,000* 456,000 - 1,451,000 
* Including sales for forward delivery. 
OURR 1C N'T WHOLESALE PRICKS. 
Aug. 11. Sept. 15. 
Flour—S uper to Extra Stale $3 30 
@ 4 75 
$4 00 
© 5 00 
•• buper to Extra South’n. 
3 30 
@ 6 75 
4 00 
•* Extra Genesee. 
4 75 
@ 6 25 
5 00 
’* Sunerline Western. 
8 80 
(§i 4 15 
4 00 
** Extra Western . 
4 25 
© 8 75 
4 50 
@ 8 50 
“ “ Minnesota. 
4 25 
@ 8 00 
4 50 
@ 8 00 
It vk Flour, Superfine_ 
3 19 
@ 3 90 
3 25 
© 4 00 
CORN-M K A I. 
2 10 
@ 2 75 
2 15 
(3 2 75 
Oat Meal, $ bbl . 
2 75 
© 6 00 
3 50 
Wheat— All kinds of White. 
1 00 
@ 1 15 
1 00 
@ 1 17 
* * lied and Amber. 
99 
& 1 09% 
98 
Lit 1 16 
Spring. 
75 
0 1 03 
80 
@ 1 10 
Corn—Y ellow . 
46 
© 56 
49 
@ 59 
•• White. 
47 
@ 55 
49 
@ 18 
Mixed . 
44 
© 46 'A 
48 
@ 49 
Oats. 
3-2 
® 4! 
32 
<3 40 
K Y 15. 
63 
96 68 
66 
Baulky . 
Nominal. 
80 
@ 1 15 
Hay—B ale, *i ion lbs. 
45 
0 85 
45 
(3 85 
Straw, iN 100 Tbs. 
35 
@ 65 
35 
a 65 
Cotton—M iddlings. lb 
n%-3 
12%@ 12% 
llous—Crop ol 1879. W lb. 
— 
96 - 
28 
@ 36 
1878, 9 11,. 
8 
@ 18 
7 
® 18 
olds, $ lb. 
2 
@ 3 
3 
a io 
I' hatiibrs—L ive Geese. ]h 
35 
<3 47 
35 
a 47% 
Seed—C lover, West. & St.KGb 
Nominal. 
G¥@ 8 
Timothy. bushel .. .. 
Nominal. 
2 50 
@ - 
• ’ Flax. 19 bushel. 
1 37 %© 1 42% 
1 35 
© 1 40 
Tobacco. Kentucky, &e„ yn>. 
2 %3 12 
2%@ 12 
• • Seed Leaf, W ib. 
5 
@ 40 
5 
© 40 
W ool—D omestic Fleece, 19 lb 
18 
@ 40 
20 
@ 42 
•• Domestic, pulled, lb .. 
17 
© 37 
13 
@ 38 
** California. 
10 
@ 25 
15 
<3 30 
Tallow, it* it. . 
5%@ 5% 
5510 5% 
Oil-Cakk—'¥* ton ...... . 
28 00 
(3 - 
27 00 
@27 50 
Pork—M ess. barrel __ 
8 75 
© 9 20 
9 00 
a 9 20 
Extra Prime, ft barrel. 
8 25 
@ 8 50 
8 25 
@ 8 59 
Bkkf—E xtra mess. 
10 50 
@11 50 
11 50 
@12 00 
Lard, in tres. <fe bbls, 100 Ib 
5 70 
@ 6 20 
6 07%@ 6 55 
Butt icn—State, V ib. 
5 
@ 17% 
6 
© 21 
•• Western,poor to rev. N>. 
5 
@ 
6 
@ 19 
Cheese. . . .. 
2 
© 5% 
3 
a ix 
Eggs—F resh, V dozen. 
9 
® 13% 
12 
© 17 
Poultry—F owls, 9 lb. 
9 
© 13 
9 
0 15 
•* Chickens, $ ib. 
12 
© 17 
9 
a n 
*• Roosters, $Ub. 
5 
@ 8 
5 
© 7 
Turkeys—1R lb. 
13 
@ 17 
11 
@ 15 
Geese, 19 pair. . 
1 12 
@ 2 00 
1 00 
<3 2 00 
Ducks, 3R pair. 
45 
© 60 
40 
@ GO 
ib. 
— 
@ - 
10 
a 12% 
Capons, ^ lb. 
20 
@ 25 
18 
a 25 
W oodcock. 19 pair. 
60 
@ 75 
75 
a 70 
Partridge, Tft pair. 
— 
® - 
90 
© 1 25 
Snipe, per rloz. 
— 
@ — 
60 
@ 2 00 
Pigeons, $ doz. 
25 
® 1 75 
75 
0 1 75 
Grouse, 19 pair. 
— 
© - 
87%@ 1 00 
A iMM.Ks, IN barrel. 
i oo 
@ 3 00 
75 
0 2 25 
Pears, 19 bbl. 
1 50 
@ 3 50 
I 00 
@ 4 C0 
derate. 
1 25 
0 2 75 
— 
@ - 
Grapes, P ib.. 
— 
© - 
[) 
a o 
^ case. 
— 
<3 — 
3 00 
© 3 50 
Whortleberries, 19 box... 
— 
® - 
75 
@ — 
Peaches, V hall bush, crate. 
75 
@ 1 25 
35 
© 75 
•• $ basket. 
20 
© 1 00 
35 
© 1 25 
Plums, 9 bbl. 
. — 
<3 — 
3 00 
© 8 00 
Potatoes. 19 bbl. 
75 
0 1 75 
1 00 
© 1 25 
Sweet, V bbl. 
3 00 
0 4 00 
1 50 
© 2 75 
Turnips 19 bbl. 
75 
@ 1 00 
75 
© 1 00 
Tomatoes. 9 box. 
50 
0 75 
15 
@ 25 
Brans—IN bushel. 
1 15 
@ 2 50 
1 20 
© 2 00 
Peas— Canada, in bond. $ bu 
70 
@ - 
70 
a - 
•• new, green, bag.. 
1 25 
© 1 75 
1 25 
© 2 00 
Corn, Green 9 100. 
— 
@ - 
25 
© 1 00 
Lima Beans. 9 bag. 
— 
<3 - 
1 00 
© 1 50 
String Beans, $ bag . 
75 
© 1 50 
50 
@ 1 00 
Broom-corn. 
2%@ 6 >4 
2 %@ 6% 
Carrots, 19 ion bunches. 
1 00 
@ 2 00 
75 
@ 1 50 
Beets, new, & 100 bundles.. 
1 25 
@ 2 00 
1 00 
© 1 75 
Cab.iagks-^ 100 . 
2 00 
© 6 00 
1 50 
@ 4 50 
cauliflower, 19 doz. 
1 00 
0 4 00 
1 00 
@ 5 00 
Onions— 19 bbl.■. 
2 50 
© 3 25 
1 25 
© 2 50 
Squash, 9 bbl. 
50 
0 75 
60 
@ 75 
*” striped, per doz. 
— 
© - 
1 00 
@ 1 50 
Cucumbers, 9 199. 
25 
@ 50 
30 
@ 1 12 
Watermelons, 19 100 . 
5 00 
@25 00 
3 00 
@15 00 
Muskmelons,?! bbl. 
59 
@ 2 00 
20 
0 1 25 
Egg Plants, 19 bbl. 
1 50 
© 2 00 
50 
@ 1 25 
Okra, 9 100. 
12 
© 18 
10 
a is 
Breadstuff movements have been on a grand scale since 
our last, especially in Wheat and Corn, which have been 
very freely dealt in, largely for export and on specu¬ 
lative account, leading to decided buoyancy in values, 
with reports of frequent changes. Winter Wheat* has 
been unusually brisk, at materially advanced prices, but 
closing rather under the highest figures of the month. Red 
Wheat constituted the prominent feature in the transac¬ 
tions, having been—of the winter grades—in most liberal 
supply. White and Amber grades have been offered with 
reserve, and wanted, chiefly by shippers. Spring Wheat 
has been fairly aclive, closing at a notable improvement. 
Considerable sales of new crop Spring are report¬ 
ed, mainly forward delivery. A brisk trade has been 
noted in Corn, which has advanced sharply, and closed 
firmly. White Corn has been very s arce. Rye and Oats 
have attracted more attention, and left oft' with an up¬ 
ward tendency. Barley has not yet been in much re¬ 
quest, and buyers and sellers, even for forward delivery, 
have been wide apart in their views. Flour has been in 
good request, at stronger prices .. .In the Provision line, 
business has been fairly active, with Hog Products ruling 
firmer; Beef also steadier; Cheese decidedly higher, ad¬ 
vancing within the past week, on the finest makes, 
fully 2 cts. per lb. ; and Butter, likewise, somewhat 
