AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
46 
[February, 
1880—Population of the United States—Final Census Figures. 
Total Population 50,155,783—Increase In 10 Years 11,597,412—(30 per cent;. 
1870. ! 
States. Rank. 
1880. 
Male. 
Female. ! 
Native. 
Foreign. I 
White. 
Colored. 
Chinese. 
996,992 
Alabama. 
17 
1,262,505 
622,629 
639,876 
1,252,771 
9,734 
662,135 
600,103 
4 
484,471 
Arkansas . 
25 
802,525 
416,279 
380,216 
792,175 
10,350 
591,531 
210.666 
133 
560,247 
California. 
24 
864,694 
518,176 
346,519 
571,820 
292,874 
767,181 
6,018 
75,132 
39,864 
Colorado. 
35 
194,327 
129,131 
65,196 
154,537 
39,790 
191,126 
2,435 
612 
537.454 
Connecticut... 
28 
622,700 
305,782 
316,918 
492,708 
129,992 
610,769 
11,547 
123 
125,015 
Delaware. 
37 
146,608 
74,108 
72,500 
137,140 
9,468 
120,160 
26,442 
1 
187,748 
Florida. 
34 
269,493 
136,114 
133,049 
259,584 
9,909 
142,605 
126.690 
18 
1,184,109 
Georgia. 
13 
1,542,180 
762,981 
779,199 
1,531 616 
10,564 
816,906 
725,133 
17 
2,539,891 
Illinois. 
4 
3,077,871 
1,586,523 
1,491,348 
2,494,295 
583,576 
3,031,151 
46,368 
209 
1,680,637 
Indiaaa. 
6 
1,978,301 
1,010,361 
967,940 
1,834,123 
144,178 
1,938,798 
39,228 
29 
1.194,020 
Iowa. 
1U 
1,624,615 
848,136 
776,479 
1,362.965 
261.650 
1,614,600 
9,516 
33 
364,399 
Kansas. 
211 
996,096 
536,667 
459,429 
886,010 
110,086 
952,155 
43,107 
19 
1,321,011 
Kentucky. 
8 
1,648,690 
832,590 
816,100 
1,589.173 
59,517 
1.377,179 
271,451 
10 
726,915 
Louisiana. 
22 
939,946 
468,754 
471,192 
324,878 
885,800 
54,146 
454,954 
483,655 
489 
626,915 
Maine. 
27 
648,936 
324,058 
590,053 
58,883 
646,852 
1,451 
8 
780,894 
Maryland. 
23 
934,943 
462,187 
472,756 
852,137 
82,806 
724,693 
210,230 
5 
1,457,351 
Massachusetts. 
7 
1,783,085 
858.440 
921.645 
1,339,594 
443,491 
1,763,782 
18,697 
229 
1,184,059 
Michigan. 
9 
1,636,937 
862,355 
774,582 
1,248,429 
388,508 
1,614,560 
15,100 
27 
439,706 
Minnesota. 
26 780,773 
419,149 
361,624 
513,097 
267,676 
776,884 
1,564 
24 
827,922 
Mississippi ... 
18 1,131,597 
567,177 
564,420 
1,122,388 
9,209, 
211,578 
479,398 
650,291 
51 
1,721,295 
Missouri. 
5 
2,168,380 
1.127,187 
1,041,193 
1,956,802 
2,022,826 
145,350 
91 
122,993 
Nebraska. 
30 452,402 
249,241 
203,161 
354.988 
97,414 
449,764 2,385 
18 
42,491 
Nevada. 
38 
62,266 
42,019 
20,247 
36,613 
25,653 
53,556 488 
5,416 
318,300 
N. Hampshire. 
31 
346,991 
170,526 
176,465 
300,697 
46,294 
346,229 
685 
14 
906,096 
New Jersey .. 
19 
1,131,116 
559,922 
571,194 
909,416 
221,700 
1,092,017 
38,853 
170 
4,382,759 
New York. 
1 
5.082,871 
2,505,322 
2,577,549 
711,842 
3.871,492 
1,211,379 
5,016,022 
65.104 
909 
1,071,361 
North Carolina.15 
1.399,750 
687,908 
1,396,008 
3,742 
867,242 
531,277 
2,665,260 
Ohio. 
3 
3,198,062 
1,613,936 
1,584,126 
2,803,119 
394,943 
3,117.920 
79,900 
109 
90,923 
Oregon. 
36 
174,768 
103,381 
71,387 
144,265 
30,503 
163,075 
487 
9,510 
3,521,951 
Pennsylvania . 
2 
4,282,891 
2,136,655 
2,146.236 
3.695,062 
587,829 
4,197,016 
85.535 
148 
217,353 
Rhode Island . 
33 
276.531 
133,030 
143,501 
202,538 
73,993 
269,939 
6.488 
27 
705,606 
South Carolina.21’ 995,577 
490,408 
505,169 
987,891 
7,686 
391,105 
604,332 
9 
1,258,520 
Tennessee .... 
12 
1,542,359 
769,277 
773,082 
1,525,657 
16,702 
138.831 
403.151 
25 
818.579 
Texas. 
11 
1,591,749 
837,640 
753,909 
1,477,133 
114,616 
1,197,237 
393,384 
136 
330,551 
Vermont. 
32 
332,286 
166,887 
165.399 
291,327 
40,959 
331.218 
1.057 
1,225,163 
Virginia . 
14 
1,512.565 
745,589 
766,976 
1,497,S69 
14,696 
880,858 
631,616 
6 
442,014 
West Virginia. 
29 
618,457 
314,495 
303,962 
600,192 
18,265 
592,537 
25.886 
5 
1,054,670 
Wisconsin. 
Territories. 
16 
1,315,497 
680,069 
635,428 
910,072 
405,425 
1,309,618 
2,702 
16 
9,658 
Arizona. 
6 
40,440 
28,202 
12,238 
24,391 
16,049 
35,160 
155 
1,630 
14,181 
Dakota. 
3 
135,177 
82,296 
62,881 
83,382 
51,795 
133,147 
401 
238 
131,700 
Dist. Columbia 
1 
177,624 
83,578 
94,046 
160,502 
17,122 
118.006 
59,596 
13 
14,999 
Idaho. 
8 
32,610 
21,818 
10,792 
22,636 
9,974 
29,013 
53 
3,379 
20.595 
Montana. 
7 
39,159 
28,177 
10,982 
27,638 
11,521 
35,385 
346 
1,765 
91,874 
New Mexico .. 
4 
119,565 
64,496 
55,069 
111,514 
8,051 
108,721 
1,015 
57 
86,786 
Utah. 
2 
143,983 
74,509 
69,454 
99,969 
43,994 
142,423 
232 
501 
23,955 
Washington .. 
5 
75.116 
45,973 
29,143 
59,313 
15,803 
67,199 
325 
3,184 
9,118 
Wyoming. 
9 
20,789 
14,152 
6,637 
14,939 
5,850 
19,437 
298, 
914 
38,558,371 
Totals. 
50,155,783 
25.518,820 
24,636,963 
43,475,840 
6,679,943 
43,402,970 
6,580,793 
105,465 
38.155,505 
In the States.. 
. 
49,371,340 
25,075,619 
24.295,721 
42,871,556 
6,499,784 
42,714,479 
6,5187372, 
93,782 
402,866 
In the Territories 
784,443 
443,201 
341,242, 
604,284; 
180,159 
688,491 
62,421, 
11,683 
Note 1.—In the above Totals are included 06,407 enumerated Indians, of whom 21,841 are in the States, and 
44,566 in the organized Territories, (Alaska is not included in the Census Report at all).—Of Japanese only 148 are 
enumerated, viz: 86 in California ; 17 in New York; 8 each in Massachusetts and Pennsylvania, and 20 scattering. 
Note 2.—Males exceed Females by 881,857—a natural result of the proportionately larger immigration of 
men from Europe. The 3d and 4th columns show where there is the largest difference. The females are in excess 
in Ala., Conn.. Geo., La., Me., Md., Mass., N. H., N. J., N. Y., N. C., Pa., R. I., S. C., Tenn., Va,, and D. C., which 
include the original thirteen States, and Tennessee.—More men have “gone west,”—over half of the excess of 
males being found in the five States of California, Oregon, Colorado, Kansas, and Texas. 
thrive, especially horses, which acquire an excellent 
■condition.” It can hardly be considered a new¬ 
comer in this section of country, for N. T. Sorsby, 
of Greene Co., Ala., writing to the U. S. Commis¬ 
sioner of Agriculture nearly a third of a century 
ago, makes the following statement in regard to 
“Indian Millet, or Dourab Corn” (U. S. Patent 
Office Report, Agricultural, 1854, page 160): “I 
first saw this plant growing in Georgia, in 1838. 
The year following, I introduced its culture into 
this County, where it has been somewhat exten¬ 
sively cultivated since.” He speaks of it in high 
terms, and declares that it grows well on poor soils 
and in spite of frost, rain, drouth, weeds, or grass. 
He regards it as exceedingly valuable “for soiling 
cattle and mules,” and also for fodder. He says, 
“the ears are eaten entire by cattle and hogs.” In 
view of its abundant yield of “ stalks, fodder, and 
grain,” he considers it “one of the most valuable 
of the cerealia,” and as not exhaustive to the land. 
Killebrew, in his “ Grasses, Cereals, and Forage 
Plants ” (page 339), uses almost similar language, 
and goes on to observe: “About 25 or 30 years 
ago it [Dhurra] could be seen on the plantation of 
almost every farmer in the State [Tennessee]. It 
gave very general satisfaction, and yet it went out 
as suddenly as it came into popularity. This was 
due to the cry that it impoverished the laud. This 
verdict was accepted without question, and its 
culture abandoned ; but it is manifest, from subse¬ 
quent experiments, that it detracts as little from 
the fertility of the soil as any other cereal, much 
le6S than some.” Numerous letters of Kansas 
farmers, published in the Report of the Board of 
Agriculture of that State for 1880, afford more re¬ 
cent testimony as to the value of this cereal. 
In June, 1880, I succeeded in procuring a small 
quantity of the seed of the Dhurra, or so-called 
“Rice Corn,” from Kansas, and on the 16th of that 
month planted it on stubble land, from which a 
crop of wheat had just been taken, without manure. 
The Dhurra received no fertilizers. The portion, 
0.22 acre, thickly drilled in rows 4 ft. apart, gave a 
yield of 45.4 bu. per acre, the other portion, 0.25 
acre, planted in rows four feet apart, and from 12 
in. to 18 in. in the row, a yield of only 16.3 bu. per 
acre. The great difference in the two yields is ex¬ 
plained by the excessive^ tilleriug of the thinly 
planted portion—the plants formed more heads 
than they were able to ripen. The stalks, of which 
no account was taken, attained an average hight of 
about 8 ft. The grain was plump, and weighed 60 
lbs. to the bushel. As an abundance of rain fell, 
the drouth-resisting powers of the plant were not 
put to the proof. In 1881 a piece of stubble was 
thoroughly plowed and harrowed immediately after 
the removal of the wheat, and planted the first 
week in July, a very fertile portion, 21 acres, in 
Indian corn, and a very thin portion immediately 
adjoining, 2'/ 5 acres, in Dhurra. No manures were 
used on the preceding wheat crop, but 400 lbs. of 
the same fertilizer was drilled in with both the 
corn and the Dhurra. The two portions were 
planted on the same day, and their subsequent cul¬ 
ture was the same. That the fertilizer in conse¬ 
quence of the drouth, seriously injured both crops 
was shown by 6 unfertilized rows of Dhurra, the 
superiority of which could be noticed at a con¬ 
siderable distance. When the long midsummer 
drouth set in, the Indian Corn was in full tassel, 
from 8 ft. to 9 ft. high, and gave promise of a flue 
yield. The Dhurra was hardly half the hight, but 
while the Corn was twisting and burning up from 
the want of rain and the terrible heat, it scarcely 
wilted, and continued fresh and green. The drouth 
dwarfed it, but did not interfere with the filling of 
the heads, which were almost as large as those of 
last year, while the stalks were but little more than 
half as high. 
About the middle of September it became evi¬ 
dent that all hope of a crop of corn was destroyed. 
Hardly one stalk in ten had even a green nubbin. 
It was therefore cut for ensilage on October 5th 
and 6th. The yield of grain did not amount to 1 
bushel per acre. The Dhurra gave, when harvested 
late in September, 20 bushels of clean, plump grain 
to the acre. As this plant remains green and suc¬ 
culent after the seeds are ripe, this crop was also 
cut for ensilage on the same days as the corn. The 
Dhurra gave 5,543 lbs. of green forage per acre, the 
corn 8,764 lbs. In comparing the fair yield of 
grain of the first with the total failure of the second, 
we should remember the great advantage the latter 
possessed in the superior fertility of the soil of its 
plat. These experiments, which were very care¬ 
fully conducted, are almost conclusive as to the 
remarkable superiority of the Dhurra in dry sea¬ 
sons. Every farmer should protect himself from 
the effects of drouth by planting at least a few 
acres in this cereal. Such a course last year would 
have saved the farmers of this section many thou¬ 
sands of dollars. 
The feeding value of this grain is clearly shown 
by the results of experiments given in full in the 
August No. of the American Agriculturist for 1881. 
From these and other tests ou a larger scale, made 
last winter, it appears that it was about equal, 
pound for pound, to corn meal, or cotton seed meal, 
as a food for farm stock. These practical tests are 
supported by the results of analysis. I herewith 
append the analyses of samples of grain of the 
crops of 1880 and 1881, recently made by ray col¬ 
league, Prof. W. G. Brown, of the Chair of Chem¬ 
istry, and his assistant, Mr. W. E. Moses. 
ANALYSES OF DHURRA GROWN AT MISTY FARM. 
1880. 1881. Average. 
Water.12 61 12.74 12.67 
Ash. 1.63 1.42 1.53. 
Albuminoids.11.45 10.46 10.95 
Carbohydrates. .74.31 75.38 74.85 
100.00 100.00 100.00 
In its percentage of albuminoids it compares 
very favorably with the other cereals. Wheat 
grown at the Misty Farm gave 12.79 per cent of 
albuminoids ; Indian Corn grown in Michigan, 11.09 
percent; Oats grown in Connecticut, 9.77 percent; 
Rye in Germany, 11 per cent; and Barley, 10 per 
cent. The grain, ground and bolted, makes a good 
article of brown flour, superior for cakes to buck¬ 
wheat. This is not my testimony only, but that of 
several other parties who tried it last winter. It 
makes fair brown bread. The meal is, however, 
inferior for bread-making purposes to corn meal. 
The silo containing the Dhurra, and the corn ensi¬ 
lage has not yet been opened, and as none of the 
first was fed green, I am unable to pronounce upon 
the comparative nutritive value of Dhurra forage. 
Forcing Ifiltubarb.—Outside of places where 
there are professional gardeners, the forcing of 
vegetables is very little known in this country. 
People in general are content with “things in their 
season,” and do not trouble themselves to force or 
retard. Perhaps the easiest vegetable to force is 
rhubarb; and by taking a little trouble, material 
for pies and sauce may be had some weeks in ad¬ 
vance of the supply from the open ground. The 
things needed are clumps of rhubarb roots, soil, 
and a dark warm place. The roots should be dug 
before the ground freezes, but in most places there 
is usually an “ open spell ” this month when it may 
be done. As fine rhurbarb as we ever saw was 
forced in a barrel or cask ; the roots packed in on 
a layer of soil and surrounded by it, the cask cov¬ 
ered tight, and set near the furnace in the cellar. 
A box to hold the roots, and set in a cupboard or 
closet in the kitchen will answer; or a box or bar¬ 
rel may be placed in the kitchen. Keep moder¬ 
ately warm, and see that the roots are suffi¬ 
ciently moist. A few roots will give an astonishing¬ 
ly abundant supply, much more tender and crisp 
and less violently sour than the out-door crop. 
