1882 .] 
AMERICAS' AGRICULTURIST. 
533 
is still a good demand for white-oak at 
the North, and live-oak at the South, for 
ship-timber. ‘ ‘ Knees ” are hewed out of the 
butts, the crook running into the root, or 
out into the branches Timber four to twelve 
inches square, having a distinct bend, is in 
demand in the ship-yards at paying prices. 
Law for Farmers. 
BY HENRY A. HAIGH, ESQ., DETROIT, MICH. 
What Goes With the Farm,* 
When a farm is bought or sold, questions 
often arise as to what goes with it, and dis¬ 
putes may often be avoided if farmers know 
just what their farm deeds include. In brief, 
where no reservations are made in the deed, 
the conveyance includes the land, the build¬ 
ings upon it, and all such chattels or articles 
as have become so attached or fixed to the 
soil or to the buildings, as become what is 
known in law as ‘‘ Fixtures.” 
The land, the buildings, and the fixtures, 
then, constitute the farm. The first two are 
easily understood—the land up to its boun¬ 
daries is included in the deed. If the boun¬ 
dary is a street, or fresh water stream, or in¬ 
land lake or pond, it extends generally to 
the middle? of these, unless otherwise specif¬ 
ically stated. The buildings are all included, 
no matter how they rest upon the ground; 
and if any one of them has been blown or 
torn down, and its materials stored away for 
future use upon the farm, such material is 
also included. If it is found that any build¬ 
ing belongs to some one else, with the right 
to remove it, such fact constitutes a breach 
of covenant, if not stated. 
What constitutes a “Fixture” depends 
largely on the intention of the owner in put¬ 
ting it there, and also upon the manner in 
which it is affixed. Anything so fixed to 
the soil or the buildings that it cannot be re¬ 
moved without Injury, nearly always goes 
with the farm; and anything of a perma¬ 
nent nature, fitted for permanent use, and 
annexed thereto by the owner with that in¬ 
tention, generally goes with the land, though 
it might be severed without any injury, as 
the following examples will illustrate: All 
fences upon the farm go with it, but not 
fencing materials, as rails, etc., if bought 
elsewhere and piled upon the farm, and not 
yet built into a fence ; they have never yet 
been “ annexed.” But rails cut from timber 
standing on the farm and piled up for future 
use, go with it; their original annexation is 
not severed by being changed from standing 
trees to rails. If, however, they were cut 
with the intention of using them elsewhere 
than on the farm, they would then be per¬ 
sonal property, and would no't pass. The 
bare intention in the mind of the owner in 
this instance makes the difference between 
real estate and personal property. Hop 
poles, if they have been once used upon the 
farm, are regarded as a part of it, though at 
the time of sale they are stored away for fu¬ 
ture use. Loose scaffold-poles, however, 
laid across the beams of a barn, have been 
held not to be a part of the realty. Stand- 
* The professional reader will find the following cases 
of interest, as holding the principles here set forth: 
62 Penn. St., 33 ; 35 Conn., 94 ; 43 N. Y., 282 ; 9 E. C. 
Green, 260 ; 42 Vt., 146 ; 20 Wend., 636 ; 1 Ohio St., 511? 
2 Smith’s L. C„ 5 Am. ed., 252 ; 40 Vt., 233 ; 43 N. H., 
306; 2 Hill, 142 ; 16 Ill., 480 ; 1 Kernan, 123; 54 Me., 309; 
13 Grey, 93 ; 43 Vt., 95 ; 7 Watts, 387 ; 41 N. H., 505 ; 19 
Conn., 154; 75 HI., 385; 7 Mass., 432: 102 Mass., 517 ; 99 
Mass., 457 ; 19 Pick., 314 ; 36 Conn., 86; 12 N. Y., 170. 
ing trees, of course, are part of the farm; 
so are trees cut or blown down, if left where 
they fall, but not if corded up for sale ; the 
wood has then become personal property. 
A Safety Egg-Carrier. 
BY B. J. GOODWIN, BREMER CO., IOWA. 
We live 11 miles from our market town, 
often have to carry eggs in a lumber wagon, 
and have lost many by breaking. To avoid 
this loss, T devised the following plan of set¬ 
ting the egg-box on springs. In figure 1, a 
represents the bottom-board of the spring- 
box, near the edges of which are fastened 6 
wire-coil springs or bed-springs. At b, is rep¬ 
resented a hole made in the board to receive 
the lower end of the spring, about '/ a inch 
of which is bent down for that purpose. 
Small staples are driven into the board, to 
hold the springs in place. Scraps of leather 
or tin might be tacked or screwed down, in¬ 
stead of using staples; d, d, are leather 
straps, an inch or more -wide, and long 
enough to reach from the bottom-board, 
where each one is fastened by two screws, 
to the egg-box, after being placed on the 
springs. Figure 2 represents the side and 
end boards, which, when placed over the 
bottom-board holding the springs,- forms the 
spring-box; screws fasten the side and end 
boards to the bottom-board of the spring- 
box, pieces of tin being nailed around the 
corners of the box, to give it proper strength, 
the nails being clinched on the inside. 
After securing the springs and straps to 
the bottom-board, the egg-box should be 
placed on the springs, and the points of the 
s'ptings placed in holes previously made in 
the bottom of the egg-box to receive them. 
Now put a sufficient weight in the egg-box 
to sfettle it down firmly on the springs, and 
fasten the upper ends of the straps to the 
Fig. 2.—FRAME FOR HOLDING EGG BOX. 
box, being careful to have the box set level. 
Having done this, take the part, fig. 2, and 
put it down over the egg-box to its place, and 
make it fast to the bottom board of the 
spring-box with heavy screws. The object 
of the bottom, fig. 2, is to keep the springs 
from being strained to one side in going 
over rough ground. It should be made ,/ 4 
inch or so larger than the egg-box, that the 
latter may have the benefit of the springs. 
Our former custom was to put a feeding of 
hay in the wagon-box, about midway from 
one end to the other, place the egg-box on 
the hay, and drive carefully over the rough 
places. But more or less eggs would be 
broken, the best we could do, whether they 
were packed in bran or put in paper “ boxes ” 
Fig. 3.—EGG BOX COMPLETE. 
or cases. After setting the box on springs 
as described, I place it on the bottom 
boards of the wagon-box, with one end 
directly over the forward axle of the wagon, 
and can drive to town, without special care 
in passing the rough places upon the 
road, and seldom break an egg. 
Administering Drugs to Dogs and Pigs. 
The following is the safest method of giv¬ 
ing medicine to Dogs in a liquid form : tie 
the mouth, and have him held firmly. Then 
draw out the (.h?ek, which acts as a funnel, 
and pour down the fluid. If he clenches 
the teeth so as to exclude the liquid, put a, 
bit of wood between them. In giving a 
bolus or ball, one person should hold the dog 
between his knees, the hinder part resting on 
the floor. Another person then forces open 
the mouth by pressing the forefinger and 
thumb of the left hand upon the lips of the 
upper jaw, and with the right thrusts the 
ball far enough back toward the animal’s gul¬ 
let to ensure its ready passage to the stomach. 
To prevent disgust and sickness, nauseous 
medicines should be enveloped in thin paper 
or in a thin flour wafer. Whenever possible, 
the necessary medicine should be introduced 
into the food of the Pig. If this is impossi¬ 
ble, small pigs may be drenched by seizing 
them by both ears, placing them between 
the legs, and lifting them a few inches from 
the ground. The medicine, previously mix¬ 
ed, is gradually poured into the mouth from 
an iron spoon by another person, the eleva¬ 
tion of the head causing the mixture to pass 
backwards, and thus be swallowed. For 
large pigs, the operator can hold the head 
firmly between his knees, while an assistant 
secures the hinder portions. The first, lifting 
the head a little, turns it somewhat to the 
right, separates the lips on the riglic side, 
when he can pour the contents of the horn 
or bottle into the angle of the mouth. Or 
again, the animal may be secured by a run¬ 
ning noose to a post, and then be drenched 
by a single person. 
“ Spavin rtirc.”—A spavin is a growth 
of bone upon the hock joint of a horse. 
After the growth has become solid, and is 
a true spavin, it can not be cured, but 
