334 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
[August, 
ours, from small bulbs, were scarcely over a 
foot; the lower leaves are four or five in a 
whorl, but the upper ones are scattered. The 
flowers, one to three in number, are on slen¬ 
der stalks, which are nodding at the top; 
they are two inches or less across, with the 
petals curved strongly backwards from the 
middle. The color is pale orange-yellow, 
thickly covered with purple dots, but it 
varies, some specimens being deep orange. 
This species has long been known to botan¬ 
ists, who regarded it as a small variety of the 
eastern wild Yellow Lily ( L. Canadense), but 
it was not until Mr. Hanson brought it into 
cultivation that it was found to have a very 
different bulb from that species. The Pyre¬ 
nean Lily ( L. Pyreniacum,) is two feet or more 
high, with very narrow leaves, and two to a 
dozen flowers, which are about two inches 
across; these are pale yellow, with black 
dots. The beauty of the flowers is marred by 
a tinge of green at the base. Some regard 
this as a yellow-flowered form of the Pom- 
pone Lily. It is one of the least showy, but 
is worthy of a place in a collection. More 
brilliant than either of the foregoing, and 
the most beautiful of all the small-flowered 
species, is the Slender-leaved Lily (L. tenui- 
folium, figured in May, 1878), which should 
be comprised in every collection of these 
plants. The bulb of these small Lilies is, in 
size, in keeping with the rest of the plant, 
and several may be planted in a medium¬ 
sized pot; indeed these more delicate Lilies 
are well adapted to pot culture, as their beau¬ 
ties are more readily seen than when they 
are in the border, and the bulbs can be more 
readily cared for. Those whose horticulture 
is confined to window gardening, will find 
the small Lilies of easy culture, and very 
effective in making a pleasing exhibition. 
Monstrosities Among Plants. 
Those who observe plants closely will fre¬ 
quently meet with malformations, or de¬ 
partures'from the usual structure. These 
are not confined to any particular part of the 
plant, but the root, stem, leaves, flowers, and 
fruit, may each present them. Young peo¬ 
ple who search for “ Four-leaved ” or “ Five¬ 
leaved ” Clover, recognize the fact that mal¬ 
formation among leaves is not unusual. 
One of the simplest of these deviations from 
the ordinary manner of growth is, for two 
parts, usually separate, to cohere to one an¬ 
other. This is strikingly seen in what are 
termed “ twin ” fruits; “twin” cucumbers, 
cherries, peaches, and others are of common 
occurrence. Stems often unite to form a 
double stem, and we have seen a grape-vine, 
the tendrils of which, instead of branching 
in the usual manner, were all simple, on ac¬ 
count of the cohesion of the branches to the 
main tendril. The engraving, about half 
the real size, is from a shoot cut from our 
Asparagus bed; the other shoots, from the 
same root, were of the usual form. In this 
the stem is flattened, to form a thin, wide 
band or plate, with little resemblance to an 
ordinary stalk of Asparagus. The stems of 
the Sweet-potato sometimes show a similar 
condition, extending for several feet. This 
kind of malformation is of such frequent 
occurrence in both herbs and trees, that 
botanists have given it a name. Such stems 
are said to be “fasciated,” from the Latin, 
fasciatus, meaning swathed or bandaged. 
One side of stems of this kind often grows 
faster than the other, which causes them 
to twist, and they frequently have a more or 
less curved or a spiral form. It is supposed 
that these fasciated stems are formed by the 
union of the shoots from 
several buds. The common 
Thistle often has fasciated 
stems, and we have seen the 
flower-head flattened also, 
until it bore very little re¬ 
semblance to an ordinary 
Tliistle-head. The tendency 
to produce such stems is 
sometimes hereditary, and 
may be perpetuated by seed. 
This is notably the case in 
the garden Cockscomb (Ce- 
losia cristata), cultivated for 
its large, usually crimson, 
head or crest. This, which 
has been known to reach 18 
inches across, is really a 
monstrosity, a remarkable 
example of fasciation. In 
its normal form, Cocks¬ 
comb shows nothing of the 
crest, but in its place a clus¬ 
ter of slender, erect flower- 
asfaragus stem. stems ’ much like the Py¬ 
ramidal Cockscombs. By 
the union or fasciation of these stems into 
a dense mass, the head is produced, the sur¬ 
face of which is covered with minute flow¬ 
ers. In this plant the peculiarity is fixed, 
and is continued with certainty by seed. 
The Worm in the Grape. 
What a host of enemies beset the grape 
vine! Root, stem, bud, leaf, tendril, blossom, 
fruit, and even the seeds, are each subject to 
the attacks of one or several insects. These, 
as a general thing, attack the vine before the 
fruit is ripe, and if, after all, the fruit ma¬ 
tures, the wasps and the birds are ready to 
claim their share. Notwithstanding all this, 
we manage to have grapes, and in plenty, so 
bountiful is the vine, and so abundantly does 
it repay a little care in protecting it from its 
enemies. It is within a comparatively few 
years that the Western vineyardists found 
they had an insect which served their 
grapes, much in the same manner that the 
Codling Moth does the apples; the Caterpillar 
or “Worm,” living within the green fruit, 
and destroying it. It has on this account 
been called the “ Grape Codling,” but is more 
generally known as the Grape-berry Moth. 
I b 
Fig. 1. —THE GRAPE BERRY-MOTH. 
Thinking it to be a new species, Prof. Pack¬ 
ard named it Pentliina vitivorana; but later 
observations show that it is most probably 
identical with an European insect, in which 
case, Lobesia botrana will be the accepted 
scientific name. When the grapes are exam¬ 
ined early in July, a small spot will be found 
where the worm entered, as shown in fig. 1, 
at c ; if a grape thus marked, is opened, there 
will be found within a small white cater¬ 
pillar, with a cinnamon-colored head, which 
feeds upon the pulp of the berry, and usually 
eats out the contents of the seeds. If one 
grape is not enough, it fastens the remains of 
that to a sound one, by means of silken 
threads, and makes its way into the second 
berry. The result is that the berries thus at¬ 
tacked shrivel and die, appearing as at d. 
The worm is very active, and when the fruit 
is disturbed it will wriggle out of it, and let 
itself down by its silken thread, as shown at 
b. At maturity it is 
olive-green or dark- 
brown, with a honey- 
yellow head, and it then 
leaves the mined grape, 
to seek a place on the 
a b leaves of the vine, where 
it forms its cocoon. 
Having selected a spot, it spins a covering 
of silk over it, and then cuts out an oval 
flap which is attached on one side, as if 
hinged, this flap is rolled over, its free edge 
fastened to the leaf, thus forming a shelter, 
within which it in two days turns to a chry¬ 
salis ; fig. 2, shows at a, the chrysalis, and 
at b, the cocoon, the line showing the real 
size. The cocoon is sometimes made by 
cutting two pieces and joining them together 
in the middle, as in fig. 3. In about ten days 
the moth appears; it is of a 
slaty-brown color, with pale- 
buff markings, as seen at a, 
fig. 1. There are two, if not 
three broods, the pupae of the 
last brood passing the winter in 
the cocoons. The insect has been especially 
destructive in Ohio, where one year it des- 
stroyed about half the grapes in the vine¬ 
yards on the lake-shore; it is also abundant 
in Illinois, and Missouri, attacking in prefer¬ 
ence, the grapes with the most tender skins. 
As the last broods pass their winter in their 
cocoons on the leaves, it is evident that rak¬ 
ing up and burning the fallen leaves, will do 
much to diminish this pest. The habit of the 
worm of leaving the berry when alarmed, 
and suspending itself by a thread, may be 
turned to good account in capturing this 
insect, where the number is not large. 
Early Peaches—“Waterloo” and “Alex¬ 
ander.” 
When one has aided in making known a 
new product of any kind, it is gratifying to 
have his first impressions of its value con¬ 
firmed by experience. In October, 1878, 
we figured and described a new early 
s Peach, the “Waterloo,” the trees of 
i . which were not then in the market. Our 
I C 
j) specimens were from the original tree, 
and at that time seemed to show it to be 
a variety of great promise. On June 
10th of this year we received specimens 
of the “ Waterloo ” from the orchard of 
a prominent peach-grower in Georgia, 
accompanied by those of the “Alex¬ 
ander,” which has been heretofore the 
earliest Peach. The “Waterloo” was decided¬ 
ly in advance of the other, apparently a week, 
while in size and beauty of coloring, it was 
vastly superior. Were it no earlier, its rich, 
full color, exceeding that of any other early 
variety within our knowledge, would give it 
preference. Another important point is, its 
excellent shipping qualities ; it was in eating 
condition when received, and remained three 
Fig. 3. 
