346 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
[August, 
Interesting Census Items. 
In addition to the numerous items relating spe¬ 
cially to Agriculture given on pages 328, 329, and 
330,we have prepared in epitomized form the follow¬ 
ing, which are interesting and serve for reference : 
How much is 44 Uncle Sam” Worth? — 
We talk very glibly about Millions, and Million¬ 
aires, but how few can really think of and compife- 
hend a million—a Million Dollars for example. 
We can easily grasp a gold or silver or greenback 
dollar, and carry in mind five, fifty, a hundred, five 
hundred of them, and by a little effort work up a 
conception of five to ten hundred, or even ten 
thousand. But a hundred times $10,000, that is a 
million, is more than any one can really grasp in a 
whole hour’s earnest thought.—Lay one-dollar 
greenbacks out in a line, and one million of these 
would stretch away 115 miles.—Well, it takes a 
thousand millions to make one Billion; and so a 
single billion of bills would extend 115,000 miles, 
or four and three-fifths times around the world !— 
But the Census reports the assessed value of the 
real and personal property in the United States, 
two years ago, at nearly Seventeen Billion Dollars 
<$16,902,755,893). And every one knows that the 
assessed value is less than half the actual value. 
Calling it half, we have for Uncle Sam’s property, 
real and personal, in 1880, about Thirty-five Billion 
Dollars 1 Here are the official figures : 
1880. I 1870. 1 1860. 
Assessed Value.. $16,902,155,893 $14,178,986,132 $12,084,560,005 
Calculated Value. 33,805,511,796 | 28,357,973,464 | 24,169,120,010 
The valuation in 1870 was upon an inflated 
currency of paper money. In 1860 and 1880 it 
was on a gold basis. Comparing 1860 and 1880, 
we have in 20 years gained nearly 10 billions 
($9,636,391,781), which is nearly 500 millions 
($481,819,589) a year; or in round numbers, 
$1,320,000 for every day, Sundays included; or 
$55,000 for each hour, day and night; or $9161 for 
every minute. This is the average for every minute, 
day, night, and Sundays, during 20 years past; and 
the property of our country is now probably increas¬ 
ing at the rate of $1,200 a minute, or $20 a second ! 
Wliat l»eople are Doing. —Hon. Jno. W. 
Shackelford, of N. C., in a recent speech in Con¬ 
gress, gave the following items from gleanings at 
the Census Bureau, etc.: Total working farce of 
the country estimated at 15,000,000, divided thus: 
Engaged in Agriculture, 7,050,000 (47 per cent.); in 
Professional and Personal Service, 3,300,000 (22 per 
cent); in Manufacturing, Mining and Mechanical 
Work, 3,300,000 (22 per cent); in Trade and Trans¬ 
portation, 1,350,000 (9 per cent). 
How Much Tobacco Do We Grow ?— 
The last Census figures report 473,107,573 lbs., or 
nearly 91 lbs. for every inhabitant, young and old. 
But it is not all consumed here, for a large amount 
is exported. Probably most people would name 
Virginia as the largest grower of Tobacco, but 
Kentucky much more than doubles her, as follows: 
Lbs. 
1 
Acres. 
Acre 
States. Lbs. 
Acres 
226.127 
756 
Mo .. 
11,994.077 
15,500 
139.423 
573 
Wis . 
10,878,463 
8.811 
27.567 
1.340 
Ind.. 
8,812.842 
11.955 
34,679 
1,001 
N. Y 
6,553,351 
4.938 
41,532 
707 
Mass 
5,369,436 
3,358 
57,215 
471 
III... 
3,936.700 
5,625 
38.174 
683 
W.Y. 
2.296,146 
4.071 
8,666 
1.620 
1 
States. Lbs.' 
Lbs. 
per 
773 
1,234 
142 
1,327 
1,599 
699 
564 
Conn 14,044,652 
Total. 469,283,463 lbs.: 627,641 Acres ; Average. 748 lbs. 
Kentucky grows over one-third (36 per cent) of 
the entire Tobacco crop of the country, and the 
above 15 States supply 99 lbs. out of every 100 lbs. 
grown ; 22 other States and Territories report a 
small amount,—together only one per cent. The 
yield varies all the way from 471 lbs. per acre in 
North Carolina, to 1,620 lbs. per acre in Connecti¬ 
cut, in which State fertilizers are largely used. 
California Wheat versus Gold and Sil¬ 
ver.— In Mr. Shackelford’s speech we find it stated 
that during ten years, 1871-1880 (inclusive), Cali¬ 
fornia yielded of gold and silver $186,506,249; and 
in the same time 278,908,000 bushels of wheat, val¬ 
ued at $318,231,046, or almost double that of gold. 
(less than 11 to the square mile), live where less 
than an average of 20 inches of rain falls annually. 
What Cold and Heat Do People Have? 
—Both long-continued great heat or severe cold 
affect the health and vigor of people. The most 
active, enterprising, vigorous people, are found 
where a pretty uniform, medium low temperature 
is maintained. The mean annual temperature is 
the average hight of Fahrenheit’s thermometer 
throughout the year, and during a long series of 
years, taking into account all hours of day and 
night, and all seasons of the year. The mean an¬ 
nual temperature of the whole country (excluding 
Alaska,) is about 53° Falir. The following table 
shows what mean temperature our fifty millions of 
people enjoy or suffer : 
Inhabit¬ 
Mean 
Per 
Inhabit¬ 
Mean 
Per 
ants. 
Heat. 
Cent. 
ants. 
Heat. 
Cent. 
15,795,961. 
.50° to 55° 
31 
3,292,756.. 
..65° to 70° 
7 
15.022,538. 
.45° to 50° 
30 
421,992.. 
..70° to 75° 
1 
6,649,672. 
.55° to 60° 
13 
273,581.. 
.. below 40° 
1 
5,188,039. 
3,497,266. 
.60° to 65° 
.40° to 45° 
10 
11.081.. 
. .above 75° 
.01 
Ninety-eight out of every one hundred live where 
the mean is between 40° and 70°.—The entire Cot¬ 
ton region has a mean above 55°, and none below 
35° mean; the Sugar and Rice regions above 70°, 
and none below 50° mean ; and most of the To¬ 
bacco region between 50° and 60°. The Prairie 
regions of the Mississippi Valley is mostly below 
55° ; and the great Wheat region of Minnesota and 
Dakota below 40° mean annual temperature, with 
a mid-winter temperature below 10°. The hottest 
region is Southern Florida, next to which is South¬ 
ern Texas and Southwestern Arizona. 
The Center of Population.— Place for a 
“Convention.” — If all the inhabitants of the 
United States were called together at a point, to 
reach which would require the least aggregate 
amount of travel, they would go to Kentucky, on 
its northern border, one mile south of the Ohio 
River, 8 miles west of and 2 miles south of the cen¬ 
ter of the City of Cincinnati. The point is li 
miles southeast of the village of Taylorsville, Ky. 
This is according to Census of 1880, but so many 
people have settled in the Northwest, the central 
point to-day is 15 to 20 miles further west, and a 
little further north, perhaps in the Ohio River as 
it bends northwest from Taylorsville.—The mean¬ 
ing of this Center of Population is, that if all the 
50,155,783 people were standing on a platform cov¬ 
ering the country, and all were of equal weight, 
that platform would just balance if it rested on a 
supporting point at the place indicated, which is 
latitude 39° 04' 8", and longitude 84° 39' 40".— 
The rapidity with which “ Westward the Star of 
Empire takes its way,” is shown by the fact that 
The Center op Population Was : 
Moved West 
In 1190—23 miles East of Baltimore. in ten Years. 
In 1800—18 miles West of Baltimore.41 miles. 
In 1810—40 miles West by N. of Washington.. .36 miles, 
In 1820—16 miles North of Woodstock, Va . . .50 miles. 
In 1830—19 miles Southwest of Moorefield.39 miles. 
In 1840—16 miles South of Clarksburg. 55 miles. 
In 1850—23 miles Southeast of Parkersburg_55 miles. 
In 1860—20 miles South of Chillicothe, Ohio...81 miles. 
In 1870—48 miles Easterly from Cincinnati.42 miles. 
In 1880— 8 miles Westerly from Cincinnati_58 miles. 
Average yearly movement, 5 and 7-9ths miles. 
Cold Winter.—Mean Temperature of January. 
Per 
People. Cent. Mean. 
10,293,282 or 20 20° to 25° 
10,145,933 or 20 30° to 35° 
9.154,459 or 18 25° to 30° 
5.611,406 or 11 35° to 40° 
3,586,537 or 7 40° to 45° 
3,494.352 or 7 45° to 50° 
3,482,366 or 7 15° to 20° 
Per 
People. Cent. Mean. 
1,822,495 or 4 50° to 55° 
1.759,721 or 4 10° to 15° 
455,175 or 1 55° to 60° 
266.041 or 1 5° to 10° 
50.018 — below 5° 
24,930 — 60° to 65° 
5,491 — above 65° 
How High Up the People Uive.— Among 
the curiosities of the Census is, “ The hight above 
the sea level that the masses of people live?” 
Number. Above Sea Level. 
19,025,617 live over. 500 and under 1,000 feet. 
10,775,250 Jive over. 100 and under 500 feet. 
9,152,003 live over. level and under 100 feet. 
7,903.811 live over. 1,000 and under 1,500 feet. 
1,876,885 live over. 1,500 and under 2,000 feet. 
664,851 live over. 2,000 and under 3,000 feet. 
271,321 live over. 5.000 and under 6.000 feet. 
166,545 live over. 4,000 and under 5.000 feet. 
128,348 live over. 3,000 and under 4,000 feet. 
94,989 live over. 6,000 and under 7,000 feet. 
26,846 live over. 9,000 and under 10,000 feet. 
26,400 live over.10,000 and up to highest point. 
24,947 live over. 8,000 and under 9,000 feet. 
15.053 live over. 7.000 and under 8,000 feet. 
Pretty cold for the 53,246 people living above 
9,000 feet high, and especially for the 26,400 living 
above 10,000 feet high !—As 5,280 feet equal a 
mile, there are 459,556 people living about a mile 
high and upward.—The average hight above the 
sea level that all the inhabitants live is 700 feet. 
This line has kept very close to the parallel of 
latitude 39°, the greatest variation from this line 
being about 16 miles north in 1800, and about 2 
miles south in 1830. At the present ratio of settle¬ 
ment,West, Northwest, and Southwest, this center 
will be well on towards the Mississippi in 1890. 
Men Old Enough to Vote.— (The Country’s 
“Working and Fighting Force.”) In February 
American Agriculturist we gave the entire population 
(50,155,783), the males (25,518,820), the females, 
and other items from the Census of 1880, both for 
the whole country and by States. The details just 
made up show there were 13,830,349 men 3 1 
years old and upward. This makes the grown men 
just about one-half of all the males (501 per cent), 
and one-quarter (25.57 per cent) of the whole 
population. But all these are not qualified to 
“vote,” except by age, as the number includes 
8,270,513 native 1 whites ” ; 3,072,487 foreign born 
whites ; and 1,487,344 “ colored ” men, Indians, 
Chinese, and Japanese. 
States with Over 250,000 Grown Men. 
N. York. 1,408,751 
Penn.1.094,284 
Ohio. .. 826,577 
Illinois... 796.847 
Missouri. 541,201 
Mass .... 502.648 
Indiana.. 498,437 
Michigan..467,687 
Iowa,.416,658 
Texas.380,376 
Ky.376,221 
Wis .340,482 
Va.334,505 
Tenn. .. .330,305 
California. 329,392 
Georgia....321.438 
N. Jersey..300,635 
N. Car.294,150 
Kansas_265.714 
Alabama .. 259,884 
Total in 20 States , (nearly 80 per cent)_10,086,798 
How Much Rain do People Get in a 
Year ?—The average annual Rainfall of the United 
States (excluding Alaska,) is 29 inches.—Every inch 
of rainfall upon an acre equals 27,154 gallons, or 
862 barrels : and the average fall, of 29 inches, is 
about 25,000 barrels (of 314 gallons) to the acre. 
The curious will note that three States, New 
York, Pennsylvania, and Ohio, have over a quarter 
(26 per cent) of all the full-grown men in the 
country ; that the first nine have over half (52 per 
cent); and the first fifteen have about 70 per cent. 
Population to 
People. Rainfall. Square Mile. 
12,754,479 have .45 to 50 inches.51.7 
11,357,292 have.40 to 45 inches.40.1 
10,057,170 have.35 to 40 inches.3S.6 
4,993.336 have.30 to 35 inches.23. 
4,311.502 have.50 to 55 inches .22.1 
2,813,866 have.55 to 60 inches.19.7 
1,179,136 have.25 to 30 inches. 8.7 
855,680 have.over 60 inches.12.4 
829,340 have..20 to 25 inches. 3.8 
531,323 have.15 to 20 inches.1.3 
309,438 have.10 to 15 inches. 0.4 
154,304 have. under 10 inches. 0.3 
It will be noted that over 46,000,000 people, or 
over nine-tenths of all (92 per cent), have more 
than the average fall of rain. In the region having 
45 to 50 inches of rainfall, the population averages 
571 people to the square mile, and 40 to the square 
mile where the fall is 40 to 45 inches. But few, 
6,211 Plow Patents.— The amount of attention 
devoted to improving the Plow, including Cultivators 
which are in one respect Plows, as they do similar work, 
is shown by the fact that 6,211 Patents have been issued 
for invention or improvement of this main farm imple¬ 
ment, prior to this year. They are divided into 33 sub¬ 
classes thus: Attachments. 38; Beams, 35; Cleaners, 63; 
Clevises, 162; Corn Coverers, 21; Coulters, 120; Coup¬ 
lings, 54; Cotton Choppers, 173; Cotton Scrapers, 47; 
Cultivators, 752; Parallel Cultivators, 82; Rotary Culti¬ 
vators, 163; Straddle-row Cultivators. 114; Wheel Culti¬ 
vators, 1,019; Teeth Cultivators, 171; Fenders, 95; Han¬ 
dles, 19; Landsides, 21; Mold-boards, 76; Plows, 686; 
Ditching Plows, 122; Hand Plows, 121; Mole Plows, 105; 
Shovel Plows, 307; Sidehill Plows, 146; Steam Plows, 
159; Wheel Plows, 1.005; Points, 82; Revolving Mold- 
boards, 44; Ridgers, 21; Standards, 27: Subsoilers, 
123; Weed-turners, 38—a total of over six thousand I 
