66 natural history. (Minerals.) [north 
from Cornwall and Saxony: both of them phosphates of oxide of 
uranium, but distinct by containing, the former a small portion of 
phosphate of lime, and the latter an equivalent portion of phosphate of 
copper.— Phosphate of ytiria, or phosphyttrite, a very scarce mineral 
substance, first found in the granite of Lindenas in Norway, and subse¬ 
quently, in equally small quantities, at Ytterby in Sweden.— Phos¬ 
phates of alumina , to which belong—the wavellite , a substance which 
was originally mistaken for a hydrate of pure alumina, and there¬ 
fore called hy dr argillite, from Devonshire, Ireland, Greenland, from 
Amberg, in Bavaria (called lasionite ), from Aussig in Bohemia, 
on sandstone, &c.—the gibhsite (see Table 19), the varieties of 
which contain phosphoric acid in varying proportions;—the klapro- 
thite, called also blue spar, and azurite , and is therefore sometimes 
confounded with the lapis lazuli;—together with some other sub¬ 
stances of which no exact analyses have as yet been published, 
though they are known to be chiefly composed of alumina in com¬ 
bination with phosphoric acid, such as—the calaite, or real turquois 
( firuzah in Persian), an opaque gem found chiefly at Nishapur, in 
the province of Khorasan, Persia, in nodules or as small veins tra¬ 
versing a ferrugino-argillaceous rock, and greatly esteemed on ac¬ 
count of its beautiful blue colour, which will in most cases be sufficient to 
distinguish it both from the blue silicate of copper and from fossil bones 
(particularly teeth) impregnated w T ith blue phosphate of iron or carbonate 
of copper, some of which substances are vulgarly called occidental tur¬ 
quoises.—The kakoxene, a rare substance of a crystalline diverging- 
fibrous structure and yellow colour, found in the fissures of argillaceous 
iron-stone, near Zbirow in Bohemia;—and the childrenite from Tavi¬ 
stock, in Devonshire : both which mineral substances contain alumina 
and oxide of iron combined with phosphoric acid, but require to be sub¬ 
jected to closer chemical examination.— Phosphate of magnesia: the 
very scarce wagnerite , from the valley of Holgraben, near Werfen, in 
Salzburg_The mengite and edwardsite are placed in the Table Case, 
they being by some considered as phosphates of lanthan and cerium 
oxides. 
In two of the supplemental Table Cases (57 A and B) in this room 
are deposited such phosphates as are combined with chlorides; as like¬ 
wise the rare combinations of the latter with carbonates and silicates. 
Case 57 A. Pyromorphite, a combination of phosphate of lead and 
chloride of lead, generally divided into brown lead ore and green lead 
ore: among the varieties of the former, the more remarkable are the 
large six-sided prisms from Huelgoet in Brittany ; of the latter we 
have the massive botryoidal {traubenertz), the spicular, and crystallized 
varieties, of various shades of green passing into greenish-white, into 
yellow, and orange. To these are added phosph-arseniates and also some 
arseniaies of lead, from Siberia, Cumberland, Saxony, Sec., whose che¬ 
mical constitution is not yet perfectly understood; in 
Case 57 B. Phosphate of lime combined with chloride of calcium, 
in some varieties of which this latter constituent is replaced hy fluoride of 
calcium : among the specimens maybe particularized several very scarce 
and interesting crystallizations of Werner’s apatite, such as the large vio¬ 
let-coloured crystals from St. Petersburg; the groups from Ehrenfrie- 
dersdorf, Maggia on St. Gothard, Traversella in Piedmont, &c.; the 
