Sandalwood in Hawaii — St. John 
17 
available by the Hawaiian Pineapple Com¬ 
pany give data for three stations in the gen¬ 
eral region from which the wood sample was 
taken: at Opaeula, Paumalu, and Waimea 
No. 2. The last, in the upper pineapple 
fields by the lower edge of the forest above 
Waimea Camp at about 900 feet elevation, 
was the closest. Its yearly rainfall was very 
unequal in successive years. There were, of 
course, periods of greater rainfall, but at 
times two or three such wet periods occurred 
during a single year. These came often in 
December and August, but not constantly. 
Considerable differences between the rain- 
Fig. 3. Sandalwood (Santalum Freycinetianum ) 
tree 16 inches in diameter, Anahulu Trail, Kawai- 
loa, 1,500 feet altitude, September 28, 1943, in 
lower, open forest, with dense fern undergrowth 
of Cibolium Chamissoi and Dicranopteris linearis. 
The figure is Tom McGuire. 
fall even at adjacent stations indicate that the 
rain comes mostly from local showers. Sun¬ 
shine and temperature records were not kept, 
but these would doubtless show a correlation 
with the rainfall. The rainfall records fail 
to show any regular annual maxima which 
could be correlated with growth rings. The 
rings noted in the sandalwood specimen are 
probably not annual rings, but rather wet 
season or sunny season rings, of which there 
are one or several each year. Hence, the 
rings do not clearly indicate the age of the 
stem. Long-term, precise observations are 
needed on trees grown beside a weather sta¬ 
tion before one can interpret rings such as 
those noted in the sandalwood. 
Most of the trees of S. Freycinetianum 
known today are less than 18 inches in diam¬ 
eter (Fig. 3). It seems probable that all or 
nearly all of these have grown since the end 
of the Sandalwood Era in 1830. Larger trees 
such as the one on the Anahulu Trail, 28 
inches in diameter, may well have been vig¬ 
orous young trees that escaped destruction 
at that time. 
LOCATION OF ORIGINAL SANDALWOOD 
FORESTS 
The present stands of S. Freycinetianum 
on Oahu are at the lower edge of the dry 
forest, and the tree is common, beginning at 
1,000 or 1,200 feet altitude. Below .this are 
outlying stations at much lower altitude: at 
Kawailoa, by the rim of the gulch north of 
the road running straight inland from Ash¬ 
ley, are healthy young trees at elevations as 
low as 600 feet (specimens collected Sep¬ 
tember 28, 1943, St. John no. 20,364). 
This is 500 feet lower than, and 2 or 3 miles 
distant from, the lower edge of the forest. 
Another record in the Koolau Range is 
of a single tree 20 feet tall, 18 inches in 
diameter, at 550 feet elevation on the north 
slope of Kipapa Gulch, 1%. miles above the 
old territorial highway, and 21/> miles below 
the lowest forest stand in the gulch at about 
