14 
PACIFIC SCIENCE, January, 1947 
exact locality data, such as part of valley, alti¬ 
tude, etc.; half-black dots mark the approxi¬ 
mate place for specimens with indefinite 
data, such as name of valley or ahupuaa 
(land division) but nothing more; circles 
mark the localities without substantiating 
specimens but recorded in the field notes of 
William Meinecke, E. Y. Hosaka, or the 
writer. All these collections and records are 
subsequent to 1907 and so give a good index 
of the present distribution, which is wide, 
extending nearly from end to end of both 
mountain ranges. The tree is found on both 
sides of the Waianae Mountains from 500 
to 2,400 feet altitude, but there is a break 
at Kolekole Pass, which is now treeless, de¬ 
nuded, and much eroded. Probably the tree 
occurred originally all across this stretch. 
Its absence now may be due to denudation 
by lumbering, forest fires, or cattle grazing. 
On the other hand, this low pass was a 
standard route of travel and was easily acces¬ 
sible to people coming either from the west¬ 
ern villages in the Waianae region or from 
the broad Leilehua or Schofield saddle on 
the east. Its absence may also be due to 
despoliation by people in the sandalwood 
trade or by those in search of timber or fuel. 
In the Koolau Range the sandalwood now 
occurs from 550 to 1,800 feet altitude, from 
the Niu-Wailupe Ridge to Kaunala and 
swinging around the northern end to Laie. 
The sloping north end of the Koolau Range 
is lower, and therefore does not receive as 
heavy a rainfall as the more elevated parts. 
It is noteworthy that on the windward or 
northeast side of the mountains and the 
windward shore, southeastward from Laie, 
there are no stations for the sandalwood. The 
whole shore and mountain slope is windier 
and rainier, so that the typical dry lower 
forest is not well developed here. Though 
koa (Acacia Koa Gray) is present, it does 
not form a definite zone, rather occurring 
scattered among other trees characteristic of 
wet forests. It will be recalled that in the old 
sandalwood tax collection record by Marin 
there were entries of 1,200 piculs from 
Cayrua, 800 from Caneoje, and 120 from 
Cajanu. If these names are correctly trans¬ 
literated as Kailua, Kaneohe, and Kahana, 
they are districts where no tree sandalwood 
grows today, and where it is improbable that 
any ever did grow, the region being too wet. 
Yet these districts paid a tax in sandalwood. 
K. P. Emory has suggested to the writer that 
the men of these districts which lacked san¬ 
dalwood may have been assigned to cut wood 
in crown lands in another district and thus 
to work off their taxes. The remaining dis¬ 
tricts all have sandalwood in the mountain¬ 
ous (mauka) inland sections. "Camejameja” 
was probably not the king, but Kamehameha, 
governor of part of Oahu. The collections 
entered under his name were made on several 
dates and are much larger than those from 
any single district. 
Almost down to the present there has 
been a conspicous gap in the distribution of 
sandalwood on the lee (or southwestern) 
side of the Koolau Range, from Manoa to 
Moanalua. There is no old record, no pub¬ 
lished record, no herbarium specimen to 
represent this region, despite the fact that it 
is the most thoroughly botanized section in 
the Hawaiian Islands. All the early explor¬ 
ers came to Honolulu Harbor; later, the resi¬ 
dent botanists mostly lived in Honolulu, and 
all of them repeatedly explored these ridges 
and valleys just behind Honolulu. As the 
habitat is suitable, this 8-mile gap is curious. 
Sandalwood is attractive, easily recognized; 
it thus has both historic and sentimental 
interest, and most botanists collect it every 
time they see it. Consequently the gap is 
probably not due to lack of collections. An¬ 
drew Bloxam (1925: 38) made a record of 
interest in his connection. On May 13, 
1825, he and the botanist James Macrae 
made a trip up Nuuanu Valley toward the 
Nuuanu Pali, traversing the 4 or 5 miles 
