Parasites of Domestic Animals in Hawaii — Alicata 
75 
1936 to 1945, 58 cases of human trichinosis 
have been reported in the Islands by the 
Territorial Board of Health. Most of the in¬ 
fected persons had eaten, or were suspected 
of having eaten, improperly cooked wild 
pork or products made from wild pork (Ali¬ 
cata, 1938*?). According to records of the 
Territorial Board of Agriculture and Fores¬ 
try, during the 8-year period from 1933 
through 1940 inclusive (Tinker, 1941), 
32,724 wild hogs, or an average of 4,090 a 
year, were killed on five of the larger islands. 
Because of the moderately high incidence of 
trichinosis in wild hogs, meat from these 
animals is believed to constitute a health 
menace unless proper precautions in cook¬ 
ing, preserving, and refrigerating are taken. 
Mention may also be made that of 133 
human diaphragms examined at random at 
autopsy in Honolulu, 7.4 per cent harbored 
trichinae larvae (Alicata, 1942). 
FLUKES 
Mo flukes are known to be present in 
domestic hogs in Hawaii. However, the liver 
fluke of cattle, presumably Fasciola gigan- 
tica, has been reported from wild pigs (Ship- 
ley, 1913). Wild hogs are descended from 
domestic forms which have escaped and now 
roam wild in the mountains, swamps, and 
waste lands of the Islands. 
TAPEWORMS 
No adult tapeworms are found in swine, 
but the infective larval stage "bladder worm" 
of Taenia hydatigena Pallas has been found 
attached to the liver and omentum of swine 
(Alicata, 1938 d). These larvae are known 
to reach maturity irf the intestinal tract of 
dogs. 
ARTHROPODS 
The hog mange mite, Sarcoptes scabiei 
suis Linn., is prevalent on swine in the 
Islands. The louse, Haematopinus adventi- 
cius (Neum.) (= H. suis [Linn.]), is also 
present (Illingworth, 192 8b). Infestation 
with these ectoparasites is very often asso¬ 
ciated with malnutrition and unhygienic sur¬ 
roundings. 
Parasites of Horses 
protozoa 
No reports are available on protozoan 
parasites of horses in the Islands. 
ROUNDWORMS 
According to a recent survey (Foster and 
Alicata, 1939), horses in Hawaii harbor at 
least 25 species of roundworms, as follows: 
Strongylus equinus Mueller, S. edentatus 
(Looss), S. vulgaris (Looss), Triodon- 
tophorus serratus (Looss), T. brevicauda 
(Boulenger), Gyalocephalus capitatus Looss, 
Poteriostomum imparidentatum Quiel, Cya- 
thostomum coronatum (Looss), Cylicocercus 
catinatus (Looss), C. goldi (Boulenger), 
C. pater at us (Yorke and Macfie), Cylicoste- 
phanus calicatus (Looss), C. longibursatus 
(Yorke and Macfie), C. minutus (Yorke 
and Macfie), C. asymetricus (G. Theiler), 
Cylicocyclus nassatus (Looss), C. lepto- 
stomus (Kotlan), Cylicodontophorus bicoro- 
natus (Looss), C. euproctus (Boulenger), 
Trich 0 strongylus axei (Cobbold), Parascaris 
equorum (Goeze), Oxyuris equi (Schrank), 
Probstmayria vivipara (Probstmayr), Ha- 
bronema muscae (Carter), and H. micro¬ 
stoma (Schneider). Of the above parasites, 
S. vulgaris has been found to be somewhat 
common, a fact suggesting that verminous 
arthritis and aneurism, caused by the larval 
stage of this roundworm, are not infrequent 
among horses in the Islands. 
The roundworms of the genus Habronema 
listed above are known to utilize elsewhere 
various species of flies as intermediate hosts. 
(Hall, 1929). In Hawaii, the house fly, 
Musca domestica Linn., may transmit H. mus¬ 
cae and H. microstoma, and the stable fly, 
Stomoxys calcitrans Geoffroy, may transmit 
IF. microstoma. 
