Parasites of Domestic Animals in Hawaii — Alicata 
77 
have been reported from goats (Zimmerman, 
1944). 
Parasites of Dogs 
protozoa 
Canine coccidiosis (species unknown) is 
known to be present in dogs in Hawaii. 
ROUNDWORMS 
The roundworms known from dogs in 
Hawaii include the following: intestinal 
roundworms, Toxocara cams (Werner), 
Toxascaris leonina (V. Linstow), Ancylos- 
toma caninum Ercolani, Trie hurls vulpis 
(Frohlich), and the heartworm, Dir o filar la 
immltls (Leidy). Heartworms are believed 
to be common in the Islands. Of the three 
species of mosquitoes in Hawaii, Culex quin- 
quefasclatus Say, Aedes aegypti (Linn.), and 
A. albopictus (Skuse), the first two have 
already been incriminated as intermediate 
hosts for heartworms (Hall, 1929). In a 
check list of parasites of dogs and cats, Dik- 
mans (1945) lists the lungworm Filariodes 
osleri (Cobbold) from Hawaii. The life 
cycle of this parasite is unknown. 
TAPEWORMS 
Dipylidium caninum (Linn.) is the only 
tapeworm noted in dogs in Hawaii. This 
tapeworm is known to utilize fleas and lice as 
intermediate hosts (Hall, 1929). Ctenoce- 
phalides felis '(Bouche) (Pemberton, 1926) 
and Trichodectes latus Nitzsch (Swezey, 
1931), which could serve as hosts, are found 
on dogs in Hawaii. Infective larvae "bladder 
worms” of Taenia hydatigena Pallas have 
been found attached to the liver and omen¬ 
tum of swine (and sheep ?) in the Islands; 
from this finding it may be inferred that the 
adult stage of this parasite is found in dogs. 
ARTHROPODS 
Arthropods present on dogs in Hawaii 
include the following: fleas, Ctenocepha- 
lides felis (Bouche) (Pemberton, 1926) 
and Echidnophaga gallinacea (Westwood); 
lice, Trichodectes latus Nitzsch (Swezey, 
1931); a species of kangaroo lice, Hetero- 
doxus longitarsus Piaget, collected from a 
dog in Honolulu (Pemberton, 1934); ticks, 
Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille) (Van 
Zwaluwenburg, 1934); and undetermined 
species of mange mites. 
Parasites of Cats 
protozoa 
No reports are available on the protozoan 
parasites of cats in the Islands. 
ROUNDWORMS AND TAPEWORMS 
Little information is available on round- 
worms and tapeworms of cats in the Islands. 
The following were collected by the writer 
from a stray cat in Honolulu: (round- 
worms ) stomach worms, Physaloptera 
praeputialis Von Linstow; hookworms, Am 
cylostoma caninum Ercolani; lungworms, Ae- 
lurostrongylus abstrusus (Railliet); (tape¬ 
worms) Taenia taeniaefor mis (Batsch) and 
Dipylidium caninum (Linn.). Immature 
acanthocephalids, determined by Dr. H. J. 
Van Cleave as Arhythmorhynchus sp., have 
been collected by the writer from the small 
intestine of a cat. Dr. Van Cleave believes 
that the cat is not the natural host. Acantho¬ 
cephalids of this genus are predominantly 
parasites of water birds. 
Among the above parasites, the life cycle 
of the stomach worm is unknown. The lung- 
worms are known to require snails or slugs 
as intermediate hosts (Hobmaier and Hob- 
maier, 1935). The land snail Subulina 
octona (Brug.) was reported by Van Volken- 
berg (1937) as serving as intermediate host 
in Puerto Rico; in Hawaii the writer has 
found that the land snails S. octona and 
Eulota similaris (Fer.) may serve for that 
purpose. Cats may also acquire lungworms 
from eating infected mice, the latter acquir- 
