Skeletons of Recent and Fossil Gymnogyps —Fisher 
233 
TABLE 10 
Measurements of the Leg (mm.)* 
NO. 
SPEC- 
MEAN 
MAX. 
MIN. 
IMENS 
Femur . 
19 
138 
147 
132 
100 
147 
159 
136 
Tibiotarsus .. 
J 
f 5 
210 
213 
208 
l 71 
229 
244 
212 
Tarsometatarsus 
r 6 
114 
117 
113 
[ 100 
123 
134 
113 
Digit III (total).... 
j 
100 
108 
102 
120 
98 
98 
Phalanx 1... 
J 
\ 3 
42.5 
43.6 
41.9 
< 
1 72 
43.6 
48.0 
40.8 
Phalanx 2. 
J 
i 3 
30.8 
31.3 
30.0 
1 
[ 72 
34.3 
37.8 
30.6 
Phalanx 3. 
J 
i 3 
26.4 
26.6 
26.0 
1 
i 72 
30.2 
33.7 
26.3 
Total length . 
J 
562 
579 
551 
1 
i 
607 
657 
559 
* First row of figures under each category pertains to 
calif or nianus, the second row to amplus. 
the true population. The series for amplus 
includes about 90 per cent of the variants 
in that species. The means of scapular length 
and width are greater (Table 9) in the fos¬ 
sil, and tests showed the difference in scapu¬ 
lar length to be highly significant (Table 
15). There is no significant difference in 
the ratios of width to length of the scapula. 
The coefficients of variation for both mea¬ 
surements are greater in californianus than 
in amplus. 
Leg lengths as shown in Table 10 demon¬ 
strate a greater difference between the spe¬ 
cies than do the wing lengths. Mean leg 
length in amplus is 8 per cent greater than in 
calif ornianus; maximum length is 15 per 
cent greater in the fossil form, and minimum 
length is about the same in two species. 
Ratios of the lengths of the various elements 
to total leg length show that there is no 
apparent difference in the proportions of the 
leg in the two species. 
Femora of californianus that were mea¬ 
sured are characteristic of about 85 to 95 per 
cent of the total population. The series of 
femora for amplus includes about 95 per 
cent of the expected range of the actual pop¬ 
ulation (Table 11). Individual femora of 
either species cannot be identified on the 
basis of any femoral measurement taken in 
this study. In each dimension amplus is 
larger, and within the series the differences 
of the means are highly significant (Table 
15). All coefficients of variation (with one 
exception) are larger in the Recent condor 
than in the fossil. 
The tibiotarsi of the two series are in¬ 
separable on the basis of raw measurements 
(Table 12). Total length and length of 
fibular crest are greater in amplus. It is in¬ 
teresting to note that the distal end of the 
tibiotarsus is relatively slender in amplus, as 
is the distal end of the ulna. Table 15 shows 
that the differences in mean length of the 
tibiotarsi are highly significant. The ab¬ 
normally low coefficients of variation for 
TABLE 11 
Measurements of the Femur (mm.)* 
NO. 
SPEC¬ 
IMENS 
RANGE 
MEAN 
STANDARD 
DEVIATION 
COEFFICIENT 
VARIATION 
Length . 
I 19 
132-147 
138±1.00 
4.35± .71 
3.15± .51 
[ 100 
136-159 
147 ± .40 
3.91± .28 
2.66it .19 
Proximal trans. diameter. 
f 19 
29.4-34.9 
31.1± .33 
1.43 ± .23 
4.60 it .75 
\ 100 
31.9-38.2 
34.5 ± .13 
1.30 it .09 
3.77 it .27 
Distal trans. diameter... 
( 20 
33.0-37.2 
34.3± .26 
1.16± .18 
3.38 it .53 
I 99 
34.4-40.3 
37.0 it .12 
1.2lit .09 
3.27it .23 
T niampfpf choft 
f 19 
14.8-17.4 
15.7 
■L'vaji UiaUiuICJL jllaiL --.......... 
l 99 
14.6-18.4 
16.2 
* First row of figures under each category pertains to californianus, the second row to amplus. 
