Skeletons of Recent and Fossil Gymnogyps— Fisher 
235 
TABLE 14 
Length of Phalanges of Foot (mm.)* 
NO. 
SPEC¬ 
IMENS 
RANGE 
MEAN 
STANDARD 
DEVIATION 
COEFFICIENT 
VARIATION 
f 3 
22.9-24.5 
23.6 
l 24 
22.2-27.9 
25.1± .28 
1.35 ± .19 
5.38± .78 
f 3 
30.2-31.0 
30.6 
l 72 
29.7-35.1 
33.0 ± .16 
1.40 ± .12 
4.24± .35 
phalanx 2 
S 3 
24.6-25.2 
24.8 
1 49 
24.8-29.9 
27.3± .19 
1.35 ± .14 
4.95± .50 
Digit III, phalanx 1 
f 3 
41.9-43.6 
42.5 
1 72 
40.8-48.0 
43.6± .35 
2.95± .25 
6.77± .56 
phalanx 2 
S 3 
30.0-31.3 
30.8 
1 72 
30.6-37.8 
34.3 ± .17 
1.4l± .12 
4.11± .34 
phalanx 3 
j 3 
26.0-26.6 
26.4 
1 72 
26.3-33.7 
30.2 ± .19 
1.61 ± .13 
5.33± .44 
Digit IV, phalanx 1 
S 3 
23.0-24.0 
23.4 
l 60 
22.6-26.9 
24.4 ± .13 
1.00 ± .09 
4.10± .37 
phalanx 2 
15.9 
15.9 
1 io 
16.5-18.7 
17.7± .21 
.66 ± .15 
3.73 ± .83 
phalanx 3 
( l 
12.9 
12.9 
1 6 
13.0-14.5 
13.8± .21 
.51± .15 
3.69 ±1.07 
phalanx 4 
f 2 
16.3-16.4 
16.4 
l 3 
18.2-18.9 
18.6 
* First row of figures under each category pertains to californianus, the second row to ampins. 
TABLE 15 
Results of Significance Tests* 
DIFF. IN 
MEANS 
AND 
VARI¬ 
ANCES 
P 
DIFF. IN 
MEANS 
ONLY 
P 
Humeral length ... 
3.95 
0.0001 
5.88 
0.0001 
Proximal width humerus . 
6.27 
.0001 
6.96 
.0001 
Length deltoid crest .. 
9.88 
.0001 
7.66 
.0001 
Proximal width humerus : humeral length. 
10.17 
.0001 
6.75 
.0001 
Length deltoid crest: humeral length. 
9.87 
.0001 
7.67 
.0001 
Ulnar length . 
2.04 
.05 
3.20 
.001 
Proximal width ulna . 
5.72 
.0001 
5.94 
.0001 
Distal width ulna ... 
6.79 
.0001 
3.73 
.001 
Proximal width ulna : ulnar length...... 
5.95 
.0001 
4.79 
.0001 
Distal width ulna : ulnar length. 
5.75 
.0001 
3.32 
.001 
Metacarpal length ... 
3.01 
.001 
9.81 
.0001 
Digit I of wing............. 
2.57 
.01 
3.28 
.001 
Digit II, phalanx 1, wing... 
1.66 
.09 
4.21 
.0001 
Digit II, phalanx 2, wing. 
7.64 
.0001 
14.14 
.0001 
Digit III of wing. 
0.45 
.66 
0.48 
.63 
Coracoidal length ... 
9.76 
.0001 
11.03 
.0001 
Coracoid, depth of shaft... 
5.04 
.0001 
4.29 
.0001 
Furcular spread . 
1.12 
.24 
1.13 
.23 
Scapular length ... 
6.62 
.0001 
6.67 
.0001 
Femoral length ........ 
8.86 
.0001 
8.36 
.0001 
Proximal width of femur... 
9.99 
.0001 
9.59 
.0001 
Distal width of femur.... 
9.27 
.0001 
9.43 
.0001 
Tibiotarsal length ....... 
5.59 
.0001 
14.94 
.0001 
Tarsometatarsal length....... 
5.48 
.0001 
11.04 
.0001 
Diameter through cotyla of tarsometatarsus. 
3.78 
.0001 
4.73 
.0001 
Diameter through trochlea of tarsometatarsus. 
4.07 
0.0001 
7.92 
0.0001 
* Formula 1 (p. 228) was used for the test of difference in both means and variances, and Formula 2 (p. 228) was used 
to test for significant differences in the means. Specific values are given only for those probabilities of a magnitude greater 
than 1 in 10,000. All others are simply listed as less than 1 in 10,000. 
