68 
PACIFIC SCIENCE, Vol. II, January, 1948 
which will be related to the pattern of circula¬ 
tion and used in connection with a study of the 
productivity of the region. The biological work 
accompanying this physical and chemical in¬ 
vestigation will involve, initially, a great deal of 
systematic work which will be accompanied by 
studies of the production of organic matter and 
the relation of the organisms to their physical, 
chemical, and biological environment. 
The transition zone will be examined by ex¬ 
tending part of the work outlined for Kaneohe 
Bay to the waters just beyond the bay. Addi¬ 
tional investigation of this area will include 
bathythermograph observations. 
To provide a basis for planning off-shore 
oceanographic work, the Scripps Institution will 
examine and discuss the results of numerous 
bathythermograph observations which have been 
made around the Hawaiian Islands. The sea¬ 
sonal and geographical variations in the char¬ 
acter of the mixed top layer will be given 
special consideration. The currents around the 
islands will be analyzed as far as possible. Such 
a study may disclose certain critical localities 
which should receive special attention, and the 
oceanic work may then be planned to take such 
features into account. 
It is believed that for some time the oceanic 
work will be strictly exploratory. Routine ob¬ 
servations, including temperature, salinity, minor 
constituents, transparency, and biological fea¬ 
tures, will be made of the character of the sur¬ 
face layer and of the waters at or directly below 
the thermocline. 
News Notes 
During his visit to Honolulu to advise the 
University of Hawaii on establishing the Hawaii 
Marine Laboratory, Dr. Harald U. Sverdrup, 
director of the Scripps Institution of Ocean¬ 
ography, spoke on "Wind, Sea, and Swell” at a 
public meeting, sponsored by the University and 
the Hawaii Chapter of the Society of the Sigma 
XL He also conducted a symposium for in¬ 
terested scientists on the subject "Ocean Cur¬ 
rents.” 
Aboard the auxiliary schooner "Albatross,” the 
Swedish Deep-Sea Oceanographic Expedition 
visited Honolulu from November 28 to Decem¬ 
ber 12, 1947. The Expedition, under the leader¬ 
ship of Dr. Hans Pettersson, possesses equip¬ 
ment and personnel for making physical, chem¬ 
ical, geological, and some biological observations 
during its world tour. It is following, in part, 
the course of the "Challenger” Expedition of 
1873-76, and, in the Pacific, has already made 
stops at the Galapagos Islands, Tahiti, and Ha¬ 
waii. From Honolulu the Expedition will go to 
Kusaie and Ponape, and from there southward 
to the Netherlands East Indies. While in Hono¬ 
lulu the scientists and the crew of the "Alba¬ 
tross” were entertained by local scientists and by 
Scandinavian members of the community. 
Dr. Thomas A. Jaggar’s monumental work, 
The Origin and Development of Craters, has 
been released as Memoir 21 of the Geological 
Society of America. This book records, as the 
author states, his "experience in measuring 
physical processes at Hawaiian craters and in 
mapping changes at the craters themselves,” and 
uses this experience as "a reasonable theme 
whereon to base a new approach to field vol¬ 
canology.” 
JAGGAR, Thomas A. The Origin and- Development 
of Craters. Geological Society of America, Memoir 
21. xvii + 508 p., 87 pi., 14 fig. Waverly Press, 
Inc., Baltimore, 1947. 
