110 
PACIFIC SCIENCE, Vol. II, April, 1948 
The two simultaneously published genera 
and binomials, Rademachia incisa Thunb. 
and Artocarpus communis Forst., were first 
united in 1781 by the younger Linnaeus 
(Linne, 1781: 411-412). His choice, which 
we must accept as final (Int. Rules, Art. 56), 
was the genus Artocarpus . Though this gen¬ 
eric name was adopted from the Forsters, he 
chose the specific name from Thunberg and 
the present International Rules validate such 
a choice. Since he was the next author to 
publish a specific name in the genus Arto¬ 
carpus, he also could determine the gender 
of the name. He used the form Artocarpus 
incisus (Thunb.) L. f., which would have 
been decisive, establishing the generic name 
as masculine, had he not for the second 
species used the feminine one A. integrifolia 
L. f., which he coined anew for Rademachia 
integra Thunb., a substitution now illegal, 
but which indicated his use of a conflicting 
gender. Thus, the younger Linnaeus only 
added new confusion to the problem of the 
gender of the name. 
The next author to publish on Artocarpus 
appears to have been Lamarck (1789:207- 
210), who treats the genus in detail, includ¬ 
ing five species, three of them new. Of the 
five names, A. Philippensis is either mascu¬ 
line or feminine; A. jaca (=A. Jaca) is a 
name based both on the generic name Jaca 
and the vernacular name "Jak,” so it does 
not truly indicate the gender, but the three 
other specific names, incisa, heterophylla, 
and hirsuta, are all feminine, so this choice 
by Lamarck, perhaps following G. Forsters 
second usage, may be accepted as determin¬ 
ing the gender of the generic name, and 
nearly all subsequent botanists did so accept 
it. It so stood until 1935 when the third 
International Rules of Botanical Nomencla¬ 
ture included a new mandatory rule, 72(2), 
applying to the gender of generic names: 
".. . all other modern compounds ending in 
the Greek masculine carp os (or carpus) are 
masculine.” This rule changes the gender of 
Artocarpus to masculine. It is so used by 
Corner (1939:280) but he does not dis¬ 
cuss the gender and he also uses the femi¬ 
nine name A. integrifolia L. f., as he did in 
his earlier paper in the same journal (1939: 
71, 80). 
It does not seem to be generally realized 
that Artocarpus is now established as a mas¬ 
culine genus, and the name for breadfruit 
is A. incisus (Thunb.) L. f. The writer is 
fully aware of the name A. altilis (Parkin¬ 
son) Fosberg, based on the earliest name for 
the breadfruit, Sitodium-altile Parkinson, but 
the validity of this name is still in doubt, 
and even Fosberg himself has proposed 
(1939:230-231) that Sitodium be made a 
rejected name and Artocarpus a conserved 
name. The issue is much involved, so for 
the time being, the long-established name 
Artocarpus incisus (Thunb.) L. f. will be 
retained for the breadfruit tree. 
23. Ficus sp. 
"Kawain,” 21,464 . Young tree, 3 m. talL 
Fruit cooked and eaten; bark fiber used for 
fish line. Probably indigenous. 
URTICACEAE 
24. Pilea microphylla (L.) Liebm. — Adven- 
tive weed. 
"Re.” Observed, but not collected. Common 
in village on stone walls and foundations. 
25. Pipturus argenteus (Forst. f.) Wedd. 
"Oroma,” 21,486. In woods. Tree 8 m. tall, 
by 2 dm. in diameter. The bast fiber is used 
for making fish nets. 
NYCTAGINACEAE 
26. Ceodes umbellifera J. R. & G. Forst. 
"Mas,” 21,487 . Tree 10 m. tall, by 3 dm. in 
diameter, in the village. There is an islet in 
the Ulithi Atoll named Mas Island. 
27. Mirabilis Jalap a L.—Cultivated. 
"Pesikulok.” Observed, but not collected. An 
ornamental, commonly cultivated in the vil¬ 
lage! 
