280 
PACIFIC SCIENCE, Vol. II, October, 1948 
Fig. 1. Kilauea Crater and vicinity drawn from pares of the Glenwood and Kilauea Crater Quadrangles, 
U.S.G.S. topographic maps of Hawaii. Contour interval, 100 feet. Heavy contour lines are used on surfaces 
of the Kilauea dome which are apparently undisturbed by faulting; light lines are used for surfaces disturbed 
by faulting. Lettered localities are discussed in the text. 
In the following text, it will be evident that 
descriptions of materials are presentations of 
fact, while appraisals of time intervals and cross 
correlations are presentations of the writers 
interpretation. 
UWEKAHUNA FORMATION 
The oldest pyroclastic material which can be 
associated definitely with the central crater of 
Kilauea, the Uwekahuna formation (Stone, 
1926: 27-28), is found in type locality in out¬ 
crops in the base of the northwest crater wall. 
The thickest section has been buried by the 
1919 lava flow, but it was photographed by 
Jaggar in July, 1913 (Plate 2B), and cliff de¬ 
tails in the photograph can be identified now 
in the field, making it possible to locate the 
exact position of the buried outcrop (locality 
A in Fig. 1 and Plate 2A) and to determine 
that the top of the tuff lies about 16 feet below 
the present surface of the 1919 pahoehoe lava 
at an estimated altitude of about 3,630 feet. 
This deposit was described by Sidney Powers 
(1916: 230) as "...exposed to a thickness of 
only 17 feet and for a length of about 500 feet, 
at the base of a cliff 170 feet in height.” The 
present top of the cliff, above this deposit of 
