notes may better be incorporated into the text or 
omitted. When used, footnotes should be consecutively 
numbered by superior figures throughout the body of 
the paper. Footnotes should be typed in the body of 
the manuscript on a line immediately below the cita¬ 
tion, and separated from the text by lines running 
across the page. 
Citations of printed sources. All references cited 
should be listed alphabetically by author at the end 
of the paper. References to books and to papers in 
periodicals should conform to the following models: 
Batzo, Roderick L., and J. K. Ripkin. 1849. A 
treatise on Pacific Gastropods, vii + 326 p., 8 fig., 
1 map. Rice and Shipley, Boston. 
Crawford, David L. 192 Oa. New or interesting 
Psyllidae of the Pacific Coast (Homop.). Ent. News 
31 (1): 12-14. 
-- 1920 b. Cerotrioza (Psyllidae, Homoptera). 
Hawaii. Ent. Soc., Proc. 4 (2): 374-375. 
Rock, Joseph F. 1916. The sandalwoods of Ha¬ 
waii; a revision of the Hawaiian species of the genus 
Santalum. Hawaii Bd. Commrs. Agr. and Forestry, 
Div. Forestry Bot. Bui. 3: 1-43, 13 pi. 
In the text, sources should be referred to by author, 
date, and page, as follows: "It was noted (Rock, 
1916: 18) that . . ” or "Rock (1916: 21-24) 
says . . 
Quotations. Quoted matter of fewer than five printed 
lines (about 200 characters) should be given in the 
text in the usual form, using double quote marks. 
Longer quotations should be single-spaced and set 
flush with left margin, and should not be set off by 
quotation marks. The author is responsible for the 
accuracy of quoted material. 
Numbers. Decimals, measurements, money, percent¬ 
ages, time; enumerations in which any figure is 10 or 
over; and isolated enumerations of 10 and over should 
be given in Arabic figures, rather than spelled out, 
except when the number begins a sentence. Often a 
sentence can be recast to avoid beginning with a 
number. 
Illustrative Matter 
Illustrations should accompany manuscript, on sepa¬ 
rate sheets. Often more valuable than a photograph 
is a good line drawing, which may be reproduced by 
the zinc etching process. Shading, stippling, Ben Day 
process, and other black-and-white devices may be used 
to give depth and variation to line drawings. Wash 
drawings must be reproduced by the more costly half¬ 
tone process. 
Figures and graphs. Copy for figures and graphs 
should always be drawn large enough to allow for at 
least one-third reduction by the engraver. Copy should 
consist of carefully prepared line drawings in one 
color only, drawn in India ink on plain white drawing 
paper or tracing cloth. Co-ordinate paper with lines in 
light blue (a color which will not show in a photo¬ 
graph) may be used; but co-ordinates which should 
appear in the finished graph must be drawn in India 
ink. If original figures may not be conveniently sub¬ 
mitted with manuscript, duplicate rough sketches or 
photographic prints may be furnished to aid the edi¬ 
tors in their decisions. Numbers and legends to be 
set up by the printer should be penciled in the margin, 
along with serial number or other identification of 
the drawing to correspond to list of captions. Scale 
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in portraying essential information. They should be 
printed for contrast, on glossy paper, and should be 
sent unmounted. Photographs submitted should be 
large enough to be reduced by the engraver by at least 
one-third. They should be identified with serial num¬ 
ber written in soft pencil on the back to correspond 
with list of captions. Scale of photograph may often 
be shown by including in the picture a ruler or object 
of standard size. 
Tables. Tabular matter should be kept to a minimum. 
Care should be taken to avoid any arrangement which 
unduly increases depth of a table, and column heads 
should be made as short as possible. Abbreviations 
may be used if necessary. Any superior or inferior 
figures or letters (e.g., to mark footnotes) should be 
clearly indicated. Tables should be titled and num¬ 
bered. Each table should be typed on a separate page, 
and its position indicated on the manuscript. 
Captions. Readily identifiable captions for figures, 
graphs, photographs, and other illustrative matter 
should be supplied. 
Proofs, Abstracts, and Reprints 
Proofs. Proofs should be corrected immediately and 
returned at once, with manuscript, to the editor-in- 
chief. All queries on proofs should be answered. 
Abstracts. Each author should furnish, when proofs 
are returned, at least three copies of a 100-to 200-word 
abstract of his paper. This abstract will be forwarded 
to the proper abstracting journals. 
Reprints. Reprints or separates should be ordered 
when proofs are returned. Each contribution will 
entitle the author (or group of authors) to 25 free 
reprints, without covers (these 25 to be divided where 
more than one author is named). At the time proofs 
are returned, authors may order additional reprints, 
with or without covers, at prices indicated in a sched¬ 
ule accompanying proofs. 
