1880.] 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
61 
This conclusion, however, Is our own, and we do 
not know that it is so claimed by the inventor, but 
it is a poor principle that will not work out its own 
theory as well with one liquid as with another. If 
the machine will separate one composite liquid into 
its heavier and lighter parts, it should certainly sepa¬ 
rate another, and this machine should be expected 
to remove cream from water as well as from milk. 
-- 
Making a Jumper. 
A “ Jumper ” is a light, one-horse sleigh, made to 
earry passengers, or a light load. It may be made 
of hickory or oak poles, dressed into 6hape, and a 
few bolts ; or the joints may be mortised into 
tenons in the usual manner. A rustic jumper made 
of timber with the bark on, is a very appropriate 
rural conveyance, and would answer many common 
purposes. To make a neat and strong one, proceed 
as follows: Choose two hickory poles 4 inches 
thick, and dress them sufficiently, steam the smaller 
ends, by wrapping bagging around them, and soak¬ 
ing them in boiling water. When they.are flexible, 
bend them into the desired shape, and fasten them 
with cords until they are set, and will retain the 
bend. These are the runners. The posts are mor¬ 
tised into these runners, and into the benches in 
the usual manner, and the sides are connected by 
cross-benches bolted with carriage bolts, or 
mortised, and are braced sufficiently to make 
the frame stiff. The floor is laid upon the benches, 
and the body and seat are built upon it. The front 
is closed in with basswood, or other boards, steeped 
in hot water, until made to bend into the proper 
shape. The shafts are fitted to eyes put through 
the front part of the runners in the ordinary 
way. The runners should he shaved off 
smoothly on the bottom, to make them slip easily. 
Barn and Barn-Yard Rakes and Brooms. 
In cleaning barns and barn-yards, very stout 
rakes and brooms are needed. Some farmers, and 
even dairymen, never think it necessary to do more 
towards cleaning their barns than to fork out the 
litter, leaving the floors still covered with small 
particles of filth. It is now considered by the best 
dairymen, and very rightly so too, that perfect 
cleanliness in barns is absolutely necessary to the 
production of pure, clean milk and good butter; 
and cleanliness certainly includes clean floors. To 
preserve this cleanliness, every barn should be pro¬ 
vided with a strong rake and a stiff broom. A 
rake-which will he found useful, and that can be 
made at home, is shown at figure 1. It is made of 
a head block in which some curved teeth are in¬ 
serted, and to which a convenient handle is fitted. 
This will be found to gather the manure better than 
one with straight teeth. A broom may he made of 
birch twigs placed between flat pieces of board, as 
Fig. 1.—BABN-YARD BAKE. 
shown at figure 2; the pieces being bound together 
firmly with twine, or preferably, with wire. A 
handle is fitted in such a position as to easily push 
the broom in sweeping ; it may also be drawn for¬ 
ward like a rake. A useful broom is made of rat¬ 
tan, which is very durable for farm use, and can 
be obtained at most well stocked implement stores. 
The Precocity of the Jerseys. 
Col. David Taggart, of Northumberland, Pa., 
President of the Penn. Agricultural Society, at that 
Society’s remarkably successful exhibition last fall 
made some statements of his experience with Jersey 
cattle. At the request of several of our readers 
who heard him, he has written out the essential 
Fig. 2.—A BIBOH TWIG BBOOM. 
points of his remarks for publication in the 
American Agriculturist. Colonel Taggart writes : 
Twenty-eight years ago, in company with three 
other aspiring farmers’ boys, I visited the great 
“York State” Fair at Rochester. Here we found 
nearly two hundred magnificent Shorthorns, scores 
of fine Devons and Herefords,and four little Jerseys. 
I said to one of my fellows, that “ if I was ever 
fixed for keeping a herd, that the Jerseys were my 
sort.”—I have owned one or more Jerseys for the 
last sixteen years, but only since 1873 could I give 
them my personal attention. I have now nine cows 
in my little herd, and I propose to give you their 
achievements in calf-dropping. I reared all but 
the oldest two. “Ruby,” dropped March 2, 1872, 
had her first calf June 3,1873 ; her second, May 15, 
1874; third, March 29, 1875; fourth, (Bessie), 
Feb. 1, 1876 ; fifth, January 2, 1877; sixth, (Mary), 
Nov. 12, 1877; seventh, Oct. 5, 1878; eighth, Aug. 
27, 1879. Whereas, you will perceive, she was not 
quite 71 years old. At the same rate when she 
has had a calf and a half more, she will have gaiued 
a whole year. She is a large, full-barrelled, and 
hardy cow, in spite of her early and rapid breeding. 
“Nelly,” dropped April 7, 1873; calved June 10, 
1874 ; July 27, 1875 ; July 9,1876 (Annie); June 27, 
1877 ; April 27, 1878; March 31, 1879 ; or six calves 
beforesha was6years old....“ Bessie,” Feb.l, 1876; 
1st calf (Sally) July 8, 1877; 2d, May 7, 1878; 3d, 
March 4, 1879. Three heifer calves in 19 months 
and 26 days—and she only 3 years, 1 month, and 3 
days old....“ Annie,” July9,1876; 1st calf (Susie), 
Dec. 25, 1877 ; 2d, Oct. 25, 1878 ; 3d, Oct. 8, 1879. 
Three heifer calves again....“ Fanny,” July 2,1876; 
calved March 28, 1878, and May 20,1879. This ani¬ 
mal, bred in-and-in, having three-fourths of the 
blood of her sire, has not done so well....“ Jennie,” 
January 18,1877, aborted at about 7 months, Sept. 
23,1878 ; 2d calf, Aug. 8, 1879. She is now as well 
developed in barrel and bag as a four-year-old_ 
“Sally,” July 8, 1877; calved Feb. 16, 1879. This 
made “Bessie” a grandmother at 3 years and 15 
days_“Mary,” Nov. 12, 1877; calved May 11, 
1879....“Susie,” Dec. 25, 1877; calved May 22, 
1879—one month and 18 days before “Annie,” her 
mother, was three years old_“ Hannah,” out of 
imported “ Antic,” sold to the Hon. John B. Packer, 
was only 14 months and 20 days old when she 
dropped “Fanny,” and her half sister, “Lillie,” 
was a mother at 14 months, 23 days. To recapitulate : 
Nelly was a 
mother at 14 
months and 3 days. 
Hannah “ 
" 14 
“ 20 “ 
Lillie “ 
14 
“ 23 “ 
Ruby “ 
“ 15 
“ 1 “ 
Susie “ 
“ 16 
“ 27 “ 
Bessie “ 
“ 17 
“ 7 “ 
Annie “ 
“ 17 
“ 16 “ 
Mary “ 
“ 17 
“ 29 “ 
Sally “ 
“ 19 
“ 8 “ 
Fanny “ 
“ 20 
“ 20 “ 
Jennie had had a calf and 
seven-ninths when 2 
years, 6 mouths, 
and 20 days 
old. None of these 
young animals raised by myself have thus far gone 
dry. They freshen up from 2 to 4 weeks before 
calving, and attain almost their full quantity. If 
any one asserts that this early breeding is hurtful, 
let him come and see for himself. Mr. Packer 
thought “ Hannah ” was too big, and if any one has 
a finer 3-year-old than “ Bessie ” and “Annie,” or 
a bigger 21-yearling than “ Jennie,” or more thrifty 
milking calves than “Mary” and “ Susie,” I will go 
far to see them. It is logical to believe that the 
sooner a cow or other animal can acquire a good 
habit, the better it will be for them. And surely it 
is a good habit for cows to drop valuable calves and 
give milk. If I can render mine, not merely self- 
supporting, but profitable, at 15 or 18 months, by 
keeping the right breed and feeding liberally, I am 
more fortunate than he who produces the same re¬ 
sult in 30 or 36 months, by half-feeding. The half¬ 
feeding for the longer period will cost much more, 
both in money and labor, than the full feeding for 
the shorter time, and produce animals of less sym¬ 
metry and vigor. As a rule, the finest physical 
specimens of dogs, hogs, cattle, horses, jackasses, 
and men, and not stunted in their development, are 
those that have never felt the pinchings of poverty. 
- —€»-- 
Ring and Swivel Cattle Fastening. 
Mr. D. 8. Depue, Ionia, Mich., sends a method of 
fastening cattle, of his own devising, which he has 
used for a long time, and finds very satisfactory, 
preferring it to any other. The fastening consists 
of an iron ring, four inches in diameter, and about 
an inch in width, which slides readily upon an up^ 
right post. A swivel-ring turns in the large ring, 
being fastened to it by a swivel-point passing 
through a hole in one side of the large one, and 
headed down over a 
washer in the usual 
way. The small ring 
carries the strap, 
which, for strength 
and comfort, should 
be nTther wide and of 
sufficient length to 
buckle around the 
animal’s neck, and 
no more. In order 
to keep the strap in 
place, a piece of wire 
may be placed around 
the fold of the strap, 
near the ring, as 
shown in figure 1. 
When the fastening 
is not in use, it can 
be pushed up to the 
top of the post, and 
the strap passed over 
a peg in the timber 
overhead, as shown in figure 2.—“The swivel 
is the climax of all.” Mr. D. is satisfied that 
his cattle, thus fastened, are comfortable, and 
safe, and the method is easy of application. 
Fig. 2.—STBAF FASTENED 
UP. 
