100 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
[Makch, 
Stiemward’s Swedish Churn. 
In describing, last month, the separation of 
cream by centrifugal force, it was mentioned that 
the invention was originally a Swedish one, though 
the American application of the principle was en¬ 
tirely original. Another Swedish dairy utensil may 
be worthy of note. This is a rotary churn which, 
although not entirely novel in construction, has 
Fig. 1.— stiernward’s Swedish churn. 
some points which are made much of in some re¬ 
cently made churns. It consists of a tin cylindrical 
receptacle, figure 2, F ., provided with 3 wings in¬ 
side, e, e, e, which are pierced with holes. The 
dasher consists of a central tubular axis, having 3 
wings, A?, that are 
pierced with holes. 
A small turbine, T, 
is fitted at the bot¬ 
tom of the axis, 
with which it is 
counected. The 
axis is provided 
with a pinion at the 
upper part, which 
connects with a 
gearing upon a 
shaft and crank 
fitted in a frame, 
furnishing the mo¬ 
tive parts, figure 1. 
The operation of 
the churn is as fol¬ 
lows : The cream 
is put in the churn, 
F, which is sur¬ 
rounded by a jack¬ 
et in which hot or 
cold water may be 
placed to warm or 
cool it—it is churn¬ 
ed by the revolving 
dasher, E. As this 
revolves, air is 
drawn down the 
tubular axis by the 
operation of the 
turbine, T, and is 
Fig. 2. the cylinder. forced through the 
cream, and is carried with it through the holes 
iu the wings of the churn and the dasher, and serves 
to help, as it is claimed, in the production of the 
butter. The inventor claims that this churn will 
separate the butter directly from milk in quite as 
short a time as when cream is used, and that the re¬ 
maining milk is perfectly sweet, and can even be 
boiled without curdling. In the present search for 
novelties in dairying, this may offer some hints to 
the ingenious and tireless inventors of new churns. 
Draining a Wet Cellar. 
There is frequent complaint of wet cellars. 
Several communications are now before us request¬ 
ing advice as to preventing the entrance of water 
through the walls of 
cellars that are dug in 
rock or clay. Where 
surface water fills the 
soil it will penetrate 
a cellar wall unless 
means are provided to 
carry it off. The most 
simple method is that 
shown in the accom¬ 
panying engraving. 
This is intended for 
those cases in which 
surface water enters 
the walls, being pre¬ 
vented from sinking 
by impervious clay or 
rock above the level of the bottom of the cel¬ 
lar. In these cases it is not necessary to drain 
lower than the top of the impervious stratum. 
The drain here shown is carried down to this 
stratum, and tiles, stones, or gravel are laid to 
carry off the water which is caught in the drain. 
The cellar wall is protected by a coat of cement, 
shown by the dark line ; this is carried under the 
drain tile so as cut off the flow of water and turn it 
into the channel. The trench should be filled with 
broken stone or gravel, so as to furnish an easy 
course for the surface water to sink to the tiles. 
In case water rises in the bottom of the cellar the 
drain should be dug at least a foot below the level 
of the floor. In choosing a site for a house much 
trouble may be avoided by examining the spot 
where it is proposed to place the foundation, and 
in digging for this, where water is present in the 
soil, ■or it may be expected, the excavation should 
Fig. 1.— PLAN OE ICE POND. 
be large enough to allow the drains to be put in 
when the foundation is built. This will prevent 
all trouble and inconvenience that might arise. 
-- 
An Artificial Ice Pond. 
The mild weather of the ice-making season ren¬ 
ders any description of ice ponds somewhat tanta¬ 
lizing, but as an ice pond cannot be made in a day, 
nor in the win¬ 
ter, it is perti¬ 
nent to de¬ 
scribe anything 
new in this 
way, although 
there may be 
no ice. A novel 
idea in the way 
of ice ponds is 
communicated 
by Z. M. Jin, who, following our suggestion for a 
Water Collector, (Oct., 1879, p. 384), is making an 
PLATFORM 
Fig. 3.— A SECTION OP THE POND, 
ice pond on a similar plan. At figure 1 is his plau 
of the pond, which is partly made by an embankment 
4 feet high. The pond is 40 by 150 feet, which would 
■' - 1 
SECTION OF DRAIN. 
give 4,500 cubic feet, or about 150 tons, with a thick¬ 
ness of 9 inches of ice. A platform is built at one 
comer for loading the ice, and a derrick made in 
the fashion of the old well sweep, is fixed on the 
bank near by. The sweep is shown separately, with 
the tongs, at figure 2. At figure 3 is a section of the 
pond, showing the banks and the platform. It is 
intended to fill the pond with water by means of a 
pump, worked by a windmill situated near by. 
A Handy Corn Coverer. 
Mr. Clarence Hollins, Todd Co., Ky., sends a 
sketch of a home-made implement which the far¬ 
mers in his vicinity have been using for a number 
of years for covering corn, peas, beans, and other 
large seeds planted in rows. “ It does the work 
nicely where the ground is mellow.”—The runners, 
A, are of heavy wood (oak) to give weight, 3 feet 
long, 6 to 8 inches wide, and 4 inches thick. The 
front piece, B, is 20 inches long, and is raised an 
inch at the bottom, to allow the loose soil to pass 
under, while it throws the sods and stones out of 
the way. Th”e back piece, C, is an inch lower on the 
bottom than the sides, so as to drag in the loose 
soil and fill up the furrow, leaving the seed well 
covered, and the soil level and smooth. The bar, 
D, binds the whole together; it has a hole in the 
center, to which the clevis for the whiffletree is at¬ 
tached. The standards, * E, are fastened in place 
A CHEAP CORN COVERER. 
with large nails, and are of sufficient hight to sup¬ 
port the handles, F, by which the implement is 
easily guided.—Mr. II. having just completed a 
useful home-made affair from a drawing in the 
American Agriculturist , was impressed with a desire 
to return the favor, and sends the above, an exam¬ 
ple that we strongly commend to other farmers. 
Hints and Helps For Farmers. 
Draining Sloughs. —An Iowa farmer has a slough 
in his farm, which prevents the working of the 
land iu the spring, until it is too late to plant, and 
wants to know how to drain it effectively. This is 
but one case in hun¬ 
dreds, in which the 
same difficulty occurs. 
To remedy it is a sim¬ 
ple matter. When the 
ground is dry, plow out 
the center of the swale, 
until as deep a trough 
as possible is opened; 
then plow back and riL DIREOTIO n of tile. 
forth in the center to 
loosen the ground, shovel out the earth,and put one 
horse in the ditch with the plow to loosen the earth 
still more, until it is 21 or3 feet deep. Then make a 
smoothly graded trench with a spade, and if stone 
or coarse gravel is handy, fill the trench 2 feet deep, 
and as wide as may be convenient; or if no stone is 
at hand, lay I or 2-inch 
tile at the upper end, 
down to the fork of the 
swale, as shown in fig¬ 
ure 1. There dig a sink 
or “ sump,” figure 2, to 
collect the water with 
any sediment that may Fig. 2. —the sink. 
be in it, and lay 2 or 3- 
inch tile from the sink to the outlet. Then cover 
the stone or gravel with the plow, and smooth the 
whole hollow down to the center from both sides ; 
