130 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
[April, 
before cutting. The coarse litter should be raked 
from the old bed, to make it smooth and clean, be¬ 
fore the stems begin to come through the ground. 
Early Potatoes should be put into the ground at 
the earliest possible date. When started in boxes 
they may be greatly hastened ; in planting take care 
that the tender sprouts are not broken oil. The soil 
should be light and warm for early potatoes. 
Sweet Potatoes. —The time for setting in the lati¬ 
tude of New York City is about June 1st, and the 
roots should be put in the hot-beds for starting at 
least six weeks previous to this. ' The soil of the 
hot-bed need not be rich, but light and loose, and 
well warmed. Nothing is gained by putting this 
sub-tropical plant in open ground until it is warm. 
Cabbages. —Sow seeds in hot beds for medium 
crop; the plants from the cold frame will supply 
the early crop. 
Corn is one of the tender plants, and should not 
be put in the ground until there is settled weather 
and warm soil for it. “ Corn-planting time ” varies 
with the locality, and good judgment must decide. 
Peas. —See “ Peas in Plenty,” in the March num¬ 
ber. Sow“DaDiel O’Rourke” and “Alpha” for 
early, and the “ Champion of England ” for late ; 
the “ Champion ” needs tall brush to do its best. 
Succession Crops. —Beets, Radishes, Peas, etc., 
should be sown at intervals of two weeks or so, 
that there may be a succession of fresh “pickings” 
or “pullings” through the season. 
Odds and Ends. —Try a few new varieties for the 
pleasure and possible profit that they may bring; 
but do not go into novelties largely... .Keep the 
garden perfectly clean of weeds at the start as a 
weapon in the struggle against the enemy. Nothing 
does better execution than a heavy rake with long, 
sharp teeth, but it must be used early and often. 
Weeds that can not be killed by this are all too large. 
Flower Garden and Fawn. 
Under this heading are included the various hints 
for the ornamentation of the grounds around the 
house— the front yard as it is generally called—with 
its trees, shrubs, beds, and paths, and above all the 
Lawn. —Nothing is more pleasing than an expanse 
of smooth, rich, green, nicely kept grass. The 
lawn should be one of the features of every pleasure 
ground, no matter how limited in extent, and in 
laying out the walks and drives they should not 
divide the lawn more than can be helped. In mak¬ 
ing a lawn the soil should be first thoroughly 
manured after which, for heavy soils, Kentucky 
Blue Grass seed should be sown in abundance; for 
light soils Red-Top is best. It is well to sow the 
seed in two or more directions, thus securing a more 
even distribution, and therefore a better turf. 
Walk and Drives. —As far as possible in laying 
out walks let them take a direction that all will be 
inclined to follow, that there may be no cross-cut 
“ sheep-paths.” The walks will need to be raked, 
smoothed and rolled. In constructing new ones 
and drives make a solid foundation of coarse stones 
with smaller ones above. Thoroughness in the 
making of a walk or drive will always pay. A 
good walk is a comfort while a poor one is always 
a source of annoyance to the owner and all others. 
Trees. —The tendency is to plant too thickly. 
Young trees make but little showing at first, and 
over-planting is natural. For the health of the 
family no trees should be planted so close to the 
house as !o exclude the light and sunshine. In 
planting do not copy a neighbor and thus create 
sameness. Do not plant large forest trees in a small 
yard, but select those of medium size, and attrac¬ 
tive for flowers as well as foliage. The varieties are 
almost innumerable ; and those from our own woods 
and thickets are, many times, as good as the best. 
Shrubs planted in clumps are very useful in con¬ 
cealing boundary lines and giving a pleasing effect 
to the grounds. A well formed shrub standing 
alone is often very beautiful. 
Annuals. —All hardy annuals, Rocket Larkspurs, 
Stocks, Pansies, and the like are to be sown as soon 
as the beds can be made ready. The tender ones, 
such as Balsams, China Asters, etc., may be sown 
in hot-bed or window-boxes. 
Hardy Perennials. —Old clumps are to be taken 
up and divided, and it is better to reset in fresh soil. 
Greenhouse and Window Plants. 
At this season the plants indoors are apt to be 
neglected from the press of work outside, and at 
just the time when they demand special care. The 
change of the season with its increase of heat 
makes the insects more abundant, and vigilance now 
is the price of clean plants through the summer. 
Shade will now be required by some plants, and 
it can be provided by coating the glass with lime- 
wash, adding to the thickness as the heat increases. 
Hardening off, or the tempering of the house- 
grown plants to the open air must be gradual. 
Summer Bloom. —The greenhouse should not be 
stripped but made attractive through the season by 
blooming plants like Gesnerias, Fuchsias, etc. ; 
sow Balsams and other annuals for pot culture. 
Commercial Matters—Market Prices. 
The following condensed, comprehensive tables, care¬ 
fully prepared specially for the American Agriculturist , 
from our record kept daily during the year, show at a 
glance the transactions for the month ending March 10 th, 
1880, and for the corresponding period last year: 
1. TRANSACTIONS AT THIt NEW YORK MARKETS. 
Receipts. Flnur. Wheat. Corn. Rue. Barley. Oats 
HA’S thus in’th36S,000 1,151,000 2,137,000 41,000 409,000 896,000 
24 d’s last m'tli453,000 1_,715,000 1.904,000 34,000 2S9,000 1,054,000 
Sales. Flnur. Wheat. Corn. Rue. Bariev. Oats 
24 d’s this m’li305.000 24,100,000* 4,113,000* 285,000 194,000 1.814,000* 
24 d’s last m’h32l.000 23,226,000* 3,807,000* 118,000 237,000 1,019,000* 
* Including sales for forward delivery. 
th. Comparison with, same period at this time last pear. 
Receipts. Flour. Wheat. Corn. Ri/e. Barley. Oats. 
24 days 1880. .368,000 1,251,000 2,137,000 4'.000 409,000 896,000 
23 days 1879. .359,000 3,215,000 2,119,000 97,000 226,000 409,000 
Sacks. Flour. Wheat. Corn Hue. Barley. Oats. 
24 clays 1880..305,000 24.100,000 4,113.00) 285,000 194.000 1,314,000 
23 days 1879 . 378,000 8,103,000 4,207,000 372,000 263,000 1,093,000 
3. Stock of grain in store at New York. 
Wheat. Corn. Rye. Barley. Oats. Malt. 
bush. lmsli. busli. hush. bush, bush 
Mar. 9,1880..4,441,800 256,400 173,050 456,700 186,650 131,150 
” . ... . 696,625 600,750 52,853 
660,145 1,090,851 275,705 
475,671 769,451 327,659 
4. Exports .from New York , Jan. 1 to March 10. 
Flour. Wheat. Corn. Rye. Barley. Oats. Peas. 
bbls. bush. bush. bush. bush. Ttush. bush. 
1880. .701,000 5,227,000 4,805,000 358.C00 127,000 20,000 71,000 
1879. .563,000 6,981.000 5,793,000 712,000 31,217 38,500 101,000 
1878.. 475.400 7,483.409 2.776,780 339,829 621,599 31,847 55,550 
1877.. 254.958 1,576,839 2,078,553 164,389 95,457 29.338 124,827 
1816.. 357.715 1,910,068 2,630,925 15,387 46,266 198,153 
Since our last Review, Stock Exchange operations have 
been on a liberal scale, and prices of nearly all classes of 
securities have been on the advance, though, under a 
more urgent demand for accommodation, Money has been 
ruling higher on call, and in the discount line. Real 
Estate has been gaining in favor, steadily, and, under in¬ 
creasing purchases, the tendency of values has been up¬ 
ward. Dry Goods, Boots and Shoes, and Hardware have 
been quite active, and generally strong in price. Drugs, 
Dyes, Chemicals, Naval Stores, Petroleum, Tobacco, 
Rice, Hemp, Fish, Hops, Coffee, and Teas, have been 
moderately sought after, and have been variable, though 
the changes, in most instances, have been unimportant. 
....Hay and Straw have been less freely dealt in, and 
closed rather easier. Metals have been less active, and 
quoted lower, and somewhat unsettled.Hides have 
been attracting more attention, leaving off stronger. 
Leather has further receded in price, on more liberal 
offerings, leading to increased activity.....Sugar and 
Molasses have been advanced, on reduced supplies, and 
a livelier trade inquiry... ..A comparatively brisk busi¬ 
ness has been reported in Cotton, chiefly in the specula 
tive line, at, however, irregular figures.More de¬ 
mands have been reported for Seeds, especially for Clo¬ 
ver, which has been wanted by the home-trade, and has 
been quoted firmer.Wool has been in materially re¬ 
duced stock, and active request at hardening prices. 
London Public Sale results favorable tc holders. 
A fair degree of animation has been apparent in Provis¬ 
ions, which have fluctuated considerably in price, leav¬ 
ing off more steadily.In the Breadstuff line, business 
has been generally quite brisk for the season—notably so 
in Grain, largely on speculative account, at very variable 
figures—Flour, Wheat, and Oats closing depressed, iower, 
and irregular ; Corn, for early delivery, cheaper; Rye and 
Barley about steady. Export purchases of Flour have 
been recently on a limited scale. Wheat has been taken 
to a fair aggregate by shippers—particularly No. 2 Red, 
and No. 1 White—the favorites are the Winter grades, but 
the latest dealings indicated a downward tendency, as in 
fluenced by the favorable crop and weather reports, the 
adverse tenor of the foreign markets by cable, and the 
more urgent offerings. Spring Wheat, as having been in 
light stock and under strong control, has suffered least, 
but has been without much life as to actual trading. 
Buckwheat has been taken to the extent of about 5,000 
bushels for shipment—mainly to Antwerp—at from 55c, 
@60c., closing at 55c. per bushei. These export pur¬ 
chases were the first reported in our market, and were 
more or less experimental. About 75 tons went to Bris¬ 
tol, chiefly to be there sold for feeding, purposes—partly 
it has been stated, for Pheasants. The home trade in 
Buckwheat and Buckwheat Flour is about closed for the 
season, which, in this connection, has not been deemed 
a satisfactory one. The stocks of grain in store in New 
York harbor are diminishing rapidly. The visible sup¬ 
plies of Wheat,—embracing the hoards at lake ports, in 
transit, and on the seaboard—at latest dates, embraced 
about 28,035.000 bushelsof Corn, 15,621,200 bushels ; of 
Rye, 900,000 bushels ; or Barley, 3.687,200 bushels, and of 
Oats, 2,909,700 bushels, against on January 31, an aggre¬ 
gate of 30;100,000 bushels Wheat, 13,100,000 bushels Corn, 
979,000 bushels Rye, 4,155,000 bushels Barley, and 3,080,000 
bushels Oats. Ocean grain freights have rallied percept¬ 
ibly and more active, business closing by steam to Liver¬ 
pool, 5 d. per bushel; to Bristol, by steam, to 5@5%d. per 
bushel; to Antwerp, by steam, to 6@6 %d. per bushel, 
and by sail to Cork, for orders, is. per quarter of 480 lbs. 
Current Wholesai.k Pricks. 
Feb. 10. 
Flour—S uper t,o Extra State f4 60 
” Super to Extra South’ll. 4 60 
■ Extra Genesee. 5 75 
•' Superfine Western . 4 60 
" Extra Western . 5 25 
“ “ Minnesota. 5 50 
Buckwheat Flour. ¥ 100 lbs 1 60 
Buckwheat, per bush. 60 
Rye Flour, Superfine.... 4 60 
Corn-Meat. 3 60 
Corn-Flour, per bbl. 4 00 
Oat Meal, ?) bbl. 4 75 
Wheat — All kinds of White. 1 35 
Red and Amber._ 120 
Corn— Yellow . 58 
” White.:. 58 
’ Mixed. 56 ^ 
Oats. 46)4® 
Mar. 13. 
(3 5 57 
(3 8 25 
@ 7 00 
@ 5 25 
@ 9 00 
(5) 8 75 
@ 1 90 
@ 62 
@ 5 00 
@ 3 35 
@ 4 50 
@ 7 25 
@ 1 46 
<a I 47X 
@ 1 40 
@ 67 
@ 67 
‘ 61)4 
53 
95 
@ 1 05 
@ 90 
17 _ 
12)4® 
11 ® 
Rye . 93 
Barley . 55 
Hay— Bale, ?) 100 lbs. 65 
Straw, V 100 lbs. 45 
Cotton— Middlings. 18 lb...! 
Mops—C rop of 1879 tft lb . 
1878, $ lb. 
•' olds, ?) lb. 
Feathers—L ive Geese, jp ib 
Seko—C lover, West. & St.?!H> 
Timothy, If) bushel. 
'' Flax. 19 bushel. 
Tobacco. Kentucky, &c„ jftft. 
• 1 Seed Leaf, 7f* n>. 
Wool—D omestic Fleece, lb 
Domestic, pulled, ?) lb .. 
California. 
Tallow, ?) ft . 
Oil-Cake— ton . 
Pork—M ess. 1ft barrel . 12 00 @12 35 
Extra Prime, <8* barrel. 10 25 @10 50 
Beef—E xtra mess. . 10 75 @1125 
Lard, in Ires. & bbls, 1ft 100 B> 7 50 @8 00 
Butter—S tate. 1ft n>. 
• • Western.poor to fey. Ib. 
Cheese.. . _ 
Eggs—F resh, ?) dozen _ 13 
Poultry—F owls, ?) lb. 7 
•• Chickeus. ?) lb. 10 
•• Roosters,?) ft.. 5 
Capons, lb.. .. . 16 
Turkeys—1ft Ib. 7 
Geese, 1ft pair. . 1 00 
Gee9e, $ lb. 8 
Ducks, 1ft pair. 50 
■ 1ft lb. 10 
Ducks. Wild, ?) pair. 30 
Pigeons, 1ft dozen. — 
English Snipe, ¥ dozen_ — 
Apples,?) barrel. 1 75 
StrawUERR iKS,new So.,lftqt. — 
Potatoes, new Bermuda.bbl 6 00 
IP bbl.. 75 
Sweet, lb bbl. — _ 
Tomatoes, new, W. I., pr bx 1 00 @ 1 25 
Turnips?) bbl. 50 @ 75 
Beans— 1ft bushel. 1 35 @ 1 80 
Peas—C anada, in bond, ?) bu Nominal. 
new, green. ?! bag.. 1 75 @ 1 80 
• ’ new, South’n, per crate 1 50 @2 50 
String Beans, nw, Flor.,p.c 3 00 @ 4 00 
Carrots, ?l bid.. 62)4@ 87)4 
Beets, 38 100 bunches. 1 00 @ 1 25 
new Bermuda, per crate 2 00 
Cabbages—IP 100 . 4 00 
On ions—IP bbl... 2 25 
Cranberries, per bbl . 6 50 
Squash. 1ft bbl. 1 00 
Celery, per dozen bunches. 1 25 
Spinach, ?) bbl..... — 
¥4 65 
4 65 
5 75 
4 65 
5 30 
5 50 
1 30 
55 
4 70 
2 50 
3 75 
5 00 
1 35 
1 15 
1 20 
60 
61 
59 
46 
93 
55 
65 
45 
ia 5 75 
@ 8 25 
a 7 00 
a 5 so 
a 9 00 
@ 9 00 
® 1 75 
@ — 
@ 5 15 
a 3 30 
@ 4 50 
@ 7 00 
@ 1 45 
ta 1 46 
@ 1 45 
@ 68 
@ 68 
@ 65 
@ 54 
@ 97)4 
@ 1 05 
a 95 
is @ 
m 
18)4® 
18)4 
27 @ 
38 
27 @ 
38 
7 @ 
20 
7 @ 
20 
4 @ 
12 
4 ® 
12 
40 @ 
55 
40 @ 
55 
7)4® 
. m 
7)4@ 
10X 
2 75 @ 3 00 
2 90 (a 3 05 
1 65 @ 
1 90 
1 75 <a l 80 
3)4© 
14)4 
3)4@ 
14)4 
6)4® 
40 
— @ 
80 @ 
56 
32 @ 
58 
17>4@ 
55 
19 @ 
56 
15 @ 
42 
17 @ 
44 
6)4® 
654 
634® 
6X 
32 50 @ 33 50 
31 50 @32 25 
@ 
36 
15 
20 
I 11 
® 13 
@ 6 
@ 20 
@ 14 
@ 1 75 
@ 12 
© 65 
@ 14 
@ 3 00 
@ — 
@ - 
@ 3 00 
@ - 
@ 7 00 
@ 2 00 
@ - 
@ 2 25 
@ 7 00 
@ 4 75 
@ 8 75 
@ 2 50 
@ 2 25 
11 75 
10 00 
11 00 
7 65 
18 
14 
11 
11 
6 
6 
5 
15 
8 
1 00 
8 
50 
10 
20 
40 
4 00 
2 25 
20 
5 50 
1 00 
2 75 
50 
75 
1 85 
1 75 
1 00 
@12 50 
@10 50 
@12 00 
@ 8 05 
@ 37 
@ 
37 
14 H 
14)4 
13 
20 
6 
21 
14 
1 00 
4 00 
2 75 
7 00 
1 75 
2 00 
1 25 
@ 
® 
® 1 75 
@ 12 
® SO 
@ 15 
@ 2 00 
@ 3 25 
@ 4 50 
@ 3 25 
@ 50 
@ 6 00 
© 2 00 
@ 3 00 
® 1 00 
@ 1 00 
@ 1 80 
® 85 
@ 1 80 
@ 3 00 
@ - 
@ 1 25 
@ 1 25 
@ 1 50 
@ 9 00 
@ 4 50 
@10 00 
@ 2 75 
@ 3 00 
@ 2 50 
Mew York Five-Stock Markets. 
RECEIPTS. 
Calves. Sheep. Swine. 
25,794 36.627 
22,807 25,626 
21 965 29.522 
22,911 32,973 
93,477 124,748 
161,502 171,109 
Beeves. Cows. Calves. Sheen. Swine. 
Average per Week .10,442 208 956 23,369 31.187 
do. do. last Month ..11,913 197 1,059 32,300 34,222 
do. do. prev’s Month.. 10,877 263 1,282 25,180 29,569 
Prices for beeves the past four weeks were as follows: 
WEEK ENDING 
Beeves. 
Cows. 
Calves. 
Feb. 17. 
.11.193 
201 
1,026 
Feb. 24. 
9.585 
185 
758 
Mar. 2. 
219 
939 
Mar 9 .. 
.11,015 
226 
1,102 
Total for 4 Weeks. 
41,770 
381 
3,825 
do ..for prev. 517«eA:s59,566 
986 
5,295 
WEEK ENDING 
Range. 
Larger Sales. 
A ver. 
Feb 17... 
7)4@llc)4- 
834@10 c. 
9J4c. 
Feb. 24... 
. 7 @11 c. 
834@ 954c. 
934c. 
Mar 2 .. 
. 754@11)4c. 
8)4@10 c. 
9‘AC. 
Mar. 9. . 
. 7)4@11 c. 
9 @10 c. 
954 c. 
Beeves.—The second and third weeks were dull, th* 
receipts being much below the average for the last four 
months. The improvement in market for the last week 
is very gratifying to all interested in the live stock trade. 
The foreign shipments have been larger, and the demands 
