268 
AMKRICA3ST AGRJCIJLTTJRIST. 
[July, 
A Cheap and Convenient Poultry House. 
Poultry Houses may be expensive buildings—or 
suitable accommodations that answer the purpose 
equally well may be very cheaply made. The essen¬ 
tial requisites are a warm, dry, well-lighted and ven¬ 
tilated shelter, that will ensure comfort in winter, 
with convenient arrangements for roosts, feeding 
space, and nest boxes. In winter, light and warmth 
are of the first importance. Fowls will not lay 
when confined in cold, wet, and dark apartments. 
Windows facing the south or southeast, large 
jnough to admit the sun freely, should be provided, 
ai i made to slide so that a free circulation of air 
can be secured in summer. The accompanying plan 
or a poultry bouse will be found convenient, when 
two varieties of fowls are kept; yards being made 
in front of each compartment for an out-door 
range, when it is necessary tp keep them in con¬ 
finement. If but a single variety is kept, the hall 
and compartment at one end will answer the pur¬ 
pose, and the door, A, fig. 1, opening at the side, 
may be placed at the end. The ground plan, shown 
in fig. 1, is 10 by 29 feet; apartments for fowls 10 
by 12 feet; A, outside door ; B , hall, to provide for 
storing feed, giving access to the 
nests without entering the apart¬ 
ments in which the fowls live. 
Slatted gates, 6s feet high, are 
placed at C; the space above the 
gates, and above the nest boxes, 
should be slatted to allow a free 
circulation of air. Large win¬ 
dows are in the side at D, D ; E, 
nest boxes ; F, roosts. The back 
nests are 4 feet high, front nests 
2 feet; with large Asiatic fowls 
the roosts should be made nearer the floor. Figure 2 
is a section through the middle of the house—from 
O to F, in fig. 1. The slats in front of the nest box¬ 
es are marked H; other letters as in fig. 1. The 
front elevation, 9 ft. high, is shown in fig. 3. The 
doors, Q, G, for fowls, are near the main door, A, 
and within reach from the hall, so that they can be 
readily closed without going into the fowl apart¬ 
ment. An opening may be made over the main 
door, A, for the purposes of ventilation, with a 
sliding shutter that may be partly or entirely closed 
from the alley. The nest boxes may be 1 foot wide 
and 16 inches high. For convenience in cleaning, 
the nest boxes may be made in sections, so that 
they can be readily taken apart. The architectural 
finish of the exterior is a matter of taste, and may 
conform to that of the surrounding buildings, or, 
where cheapness is an object, something like fig. 4 
or 5 may answer the purpose. Poultry houses are 
frequently made as a lean-to against other build¬ 
ings, but all things considered, it is best to have 
them stand apart, and by themselves. They are 
not desirable near the horse stable, as vermin are 
liable to get on the horses unless extreme care 
is constantly exercised in their extermination. 
The Use of Hay Tedders. 
Since the introduction of the mowing machine 
there has been no implement put into the hands of 
the farmer of more importance than the. flay Ted¬ 
der. At the present time, tedders are so perfect in 
their mechanism, and so easy in their action, that 
they may be ranked among the necessary labor and 
time-saving machines of the farm. The tedder is 
of more importance now 
than in the days when the 
grass was cut with the 
scythe, because the mowing 
machine leaves the grass 
evenly and compactly 
spread — like a blanket — 
over the surface of the 
meadow, so that while the 
upper side becomes parched 
and brittle, the lower por¬ 
tion remains wet and green. 
The swaths of the scythe 
mower were shaken out by 
a hand fork, and the grass 
left in a position for the air 
to penetrate the mass to dry 
it. Now, the tedder follows the mower and tosses 
the closely laid grass into all sorts of “ criss-cross ” 
shapes, and the very best conditions of rapid and 
even curing are thus provided. By its use the hay 
may be in many cases so rapidly made that the 
green grass cut in the morning is well cured, and 
may be housed, hay at evening. The value of hay 
depends so largely upon the way in which it is 
cured, that when the importance of the tedder is 
considered we must look beyond the time and labor 
saved, and note that the quality of the hay is much 
improved by its judicious use. In view of the ex¬ 
perience which the American farmers have thus far 
had with hay tedders, it is clear that they are not 
only economical machines, but agrowing necessity. 
Feeding Waste Products—Starch Feed; 
Grains, Etc. 
Various manufactures produce refuse which has 
more or less value, and it not rarely happens that 
the success of a process may depend upon the 
proper disposal of this refuse. Farmers are inter¬ 
ested in some of these articles. The English farm¬ 
er finds it profitable to send to this country for the 
refuse of our manufacturers of Linseed Oil, in the 
shape of Oil Cake. The refuse of breweries has 
long been used under the name 
of “grains,” as have bran and 
other refuse of the flouring mills. 
The introduction of the manufac¬ 
ture of starch from corn, brought 
another material, “starch waste,” 
to the notice of farmers, and 
still more recently, the produc¬ 
tion of glucose, or grape sugar, 
from corn,has placed still another 
refuse product on the market as 
Sugar Waste, Glucose Waste, or 
Sugar Meal. Some of these refuse products, like 
oil cake, can be transported a long distance, and be 
kept without change, while others are readily per¬ 
ishable, and can only be utilized as food for stock 
by farmers who live near the factories. The num¬ 
ber of inquiries concerning the feeding values of 
these waste products, show that farmers are inter- 
Flg. 3.— FRONT VIEW OF POULTRY HOUSE, 
ested in the matter ; these, as well as inquiries as 
to the feeding value of other grains, as compared 
with corn, were referred to Prof. Atwater; we bring 
his several replies together in the present article. 
“Corn Feed.” “Starch. Feed,” 
waste from the manufacture of starch and glucose 
from com. No analyses of waste from glucose 
manufacture are, so far as we know, accessible. 
Below are analyses of “Starch Waste,” or “Corn 
Starch Feed ” from the 
Glen Cove Starch Man¬ 
ufactory, Long Island- 
No. 1, analyzed by Prof. 
Atwater, “ as taken 
from the factory",” 
weighs from 75 to 85 
lbs. per bushel, averag¬ 
ing £0 lbs., and costs 23 
cts. per 100 lbs. It is 
fed to milch cows,about 
one peck at a feed, be¬ 
ing mixed with corn, 
meal, bran, and sometimes roots. No. 2, analyzed 
by Prof. Johnson, is described as “ sold iu New' 
Haven, Conn., at 20 cts. per bushel_a moist, 
slumpy, mass, with a sourish smell.” 
No. 1. 
Water.72 19 per cent. 
Ash.12 “ 
Albuminoids. 3.56 “ 
Woody fibre. 3.36 “ 
Otlier Carbohydrates .18.78 “ 
Fats. 1.99 
./o. 
62.27 per cent. 
.27 
5.67 
1.58 
28.90 
1.31 
No. 1 is calculated to contain, iu digestible formr: 
Albuminoids, 3.2 per 
cent; Carbohydrates, 
19.3 per cent; Fats, 
1.8 per cent. Reckon¬ 
ing these digestible 
nutrients at 41 cts. per 
lb. for albuminoids and 
fats, and ®/io cts. per lb. 
for carbohydrates, the Fig. 5. front elevation.. 
valuation would be 39 cts. per 100 lbs. Doubtless- 
the glucose waste is very similar to the starch waste. 
Corn Meal and Grains—Their Feeding Values- 
In the American Agriculturist for Jan., 1879, p. 10,. 
Dec., 1879, p. 497, and Jan., 1880, p. 9, are analyses 
and valuations of feeding-stuffs with explanations. 
The following figures, from these and other sources, 
refer to American products. They represent, not 
the total percentages of nutritious materials, but 
the amounts that are calculated from composition 
and results of feeding trials, to be actually digesti¬ 
ble, and hence nutritious: J 
FEEDING STUFFS. 
Digestible 
Nutrients. 
•■s . 
$ 
2 
^ ^ © 
^ -a, 
!«■§ 
ri £ S 
© 6? 
o £ 
Fats. 
pr ct. 
pr ct. pr ct. as l : 
Corn, N. E. yellow'. 8-rowed.. 
8.4 
66.8 
_2.8 
8.8 
1.01. 
Corn, Western, yellow... 
7.5 
67.9 
2.5 
9.9 
0.97 
Corn, Southern, white .. 
K 2 
67.6 
2.4 
9.1 
1.04 
Corn, sweet. 
9.6 
16.8 
5.9 
8.0 
1.19 
Oats, No. 1, white. 
8.7 
43.3 
4.0 
6.2 
0 94 
Bariev feed. 
10.1 
57.1 
2.1 
6.2 
1.05 
Rice-feed......... ... 
7.3 
49.1 
1.4 
7.3 
0.82 
Wheat-bran, (shorts). 
10.0 
48.:') 
3.1 
5.6 
1.(1 
Middlings. 
8.9 
54.8 
2.6 
6.9 
1.0) 
Rye-bran. 
12.2 
46.2 
3.6 
4 5 
1.0t> 
StGrch-waste Grom corn) ... 
3.2 
19.3 
1.8 
7.4 
0.39 
Malt-sprouts...._.......... 
20.8 
43.7 
0.9 
2.2 
1.33 
Palm-nut meal.... 
12.9 
56.8 
14.0 
7.2 
1.67 
Cotton-seed meal.. 
83.2 
17.6 
16.2 
1.8 
2.30 
Linseed-cake.. 
27.6 
27.0 
10.4 
2 0 
1.89 
Eastern vs . W'estern Corn.— The analysis of 
“Western Yellow” Corn represents sample as 
brought in bulk from the West. Western Corn, 
well cured and housed, is fully equal to Eastern, 
but the field-cured corn, as it actually comes to the 
Eastern markets, seems to be somewhat inferior to 
our home-grown, as the figures above imply. Those 
who wish to study into the composition of Ameri¬ 
can Corn, and other Feeding-stuffs, .will find a val¬ 
uable Compilation of Analyses of these foods, by 
Dr. E. H. Jenkins, in the Report of the Connec¬ 
ticut Agricultural Experiment Station for 1879. 
London Purple vs. Paris Green.—Both of 
these substances are deadly poisons, and equally ef¬ 
fective in killing the Potato Beetle. The “ Purple ” 
has some advantage over the “ Green ” in its great¬ 
er cheapness, it being a secondary product in the 
making of aniline dyes. Cheapness obviates the: 
