29 4r 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
[August, 
Contents of this Number. 
[Articles marked with a star (*) are illustrated ; the fig¬ 
ure with the star indicates the number of illustrations.] 
Among the Farmers, No. 55.—Harrowing Growing 
Grain—Big Horses—London Truck Horses—Feed 
for Butter—An Experiment Station.30G 
Bee Notes for August.300 
Beetles, The Tortoise.3*..315 
Boys and Girls’ Columns : — The Doctor's Talks: 
The Horse-Hair Snake. Doctor's Coi'resixmdence: 
About Canary Seed—Mid-summer Night’s Song—A 
Fossil Tooth. Puzzle Picture. Puzzle-Box. Illus¬ 
trated Rebus. Among the Birds. The Spring 
Beetle. Harry and his Horse. The Cat and the 
Birds.7*..31S-320 
Bug, The Rose.300 
Corn, Curing Fodder. 308 
Corn. Selecting Seed.311 
Correspondence, Editorial.—Where Travellers Should 
Go—Noteworthy School—Windmills on Eastern 
Farms—Protected Water-trough—An Improved Ani¬ 
mal— “Genesee Wheat Country”—A Crop Rota¬ 
tion—Manuring with Brains—Farms of Chas. Keep 
—Horse Stalls—Spring Mutton—Portable Sheep 
Racks—Feeding and Profit—Soiling Stock—Phos¬ 
phates—Wheat after Wheat. 3*..301-303 
Cow; The Family—Third Prize Essay .310-311 
Cow, The Jersey, “ Enrotas.”*.305 
Crops, Preparation for Fall.306 
Currants. . 315 
Dynamometers or Force Measurers.6*..307 
Farming, Tenant.307 
Figures, Interesting.207 
Fruit Dryers and Fruit Drying*.314 
Garden. Flower and Lawn.295 
Garden, Kitchen and Market.295 
Garden, The Fruit..205 
Grasshopper, The Lubber*.314 
Greenhouse and Window Plants.293 
Hints and Helps for Farmers:—A Chicken Coop— 
Hen’s Nests from Barrels.3*. .308 
Holder, A Barn Door*. 309 
House Plan..4*. 304 
Household :—An Embroidery Frame. Home Topics : 
Care of Children’s Teeth—Clean Floors—Starvation 
in Midst of Plenty—Variety in the Daily Food. A 
Canvas Chair. A Hammock for the Household. 
Tents and Canopies for the Lawn.7*. .316-317 
Ilottseleek, The Umbilicus*. 313 
Humbugs, Sundry. 
Ice, Artificial, and How it is Made*.312 
Irrigation, Farming with.326 
Iiily-Culture, Some Notes on—Kramer's Lily*.313 
Locust, The 17-Year.3U9 
Markets for August.326 
Melilots as Weeds*. 315 
Microscope, The Compound.290 
Mildew, The Lettuce.309 
Nuts and Nubbins..329 
Fipes, Wood and Cement Water.4*..309 
Quack-Grass: How Subdue It*.328 
Hot, The Sheep, or Liver Fluke.5*..308 
Seat, A Rustic. Quickly Made*.309 
Silos, Preservation oi Corn Fodder in. 298 
Sink, A Milk or Cooler .3*..312 
Teosinte for Warm Climates.315 
Thing Wanted. 329 
Trout Fishing*. 293 
Whiffletrees, Doubletrees, and Draught.3* .311 
Work. Hints for, of the Farm.294 
INDEX TO “BASKET,” AND OTHER SHORT ARTICLES. 
Altitudes. 
Associat’n, The A.A. A.S 
B’ossoms—Does not bear 
Cans. Milk. 
Chairs, Invalid. 
“ Chemical Fluid ”. 
Ciondland. 
Crop Prospects. 
Daisy. Ox-Eye. 
Drill, which Best... ... 
Drills Grain . 
Drink lor Hot Weather. 
Education, Veterinary... 
Entomologist lor N. Y.. 
Excelsior for Fruit. 
Exhibition. Fish. 
Fair Attending the. 
Fairs, The Coming. 
Farmer of the Future... 
Fennel, Dog. 
Fish Culture. 
Florida Facts about_ 
Forge. A Farm. 
Fruit Baskets. 
Fruit, Sending. 
Gasoline. 
Grafting, Questions. ... 
Granaries .. 
Grape Vine. Ilow Large. 
Grass Named. 
Growth, Curious*. 
Hellebore, Wet and Dry.299 
Horses, Sores on.299 
House, Historic.328 
Ice-Houses, Filling.326 
Immigration....296 
Insects, Coal Tar for_297 
Institute, The Am.327 
Iron Work.329 
Lightning Rods.327 
Meat, Canned.297 
Mending Tin.329 
Muck—Dig it Now.296 
Overstocking Farm.... 329 
Pig in Clover.296 
Population ol Cities.327 
Potaio Bug, Valuable... .328 
Rabbit, Experience with.327 
Refrigerators.299 
Rights, Riparian.327 
Rye for Soiling. 327 
Shoes to Wheat Drills...329 
Silk Culture in Alabama.327 
Soil and Dry Weather.. .325 
Soil Exhaustion.29fc 
Sorrel.296 
Subsoiling.299 
Tree. The Eucalyptus_328 
Turnip Greens .327 
Weights and Measures. .297 
“ What is this ”. 296 
Yellows in Peach.298 
Calendar for August, 1880. 
O’ 
§ 
l 
o'- 
c 
l( 
s 
Q 
ax 
oston.NEi 
ind. N. Yo 
tate . J tic 
an, Wisct 
n. In ton. a 
Oregon. 
Q- 
rk 
hi- 
n- 
til 
99 
V 
N. Y.CUf/. Ct., 
Philadelphia, 
New Jersey. 
Penn.. Ohio. 
Indiana, and 
Illinois. 
Washington, 
Maryland , 
Virginia. Ken¬ 
tucky, Missou¬ 
ri, and Cali¬ 
fornia. 
sis 
£ p 
- 
u/tj 
£ 
'o 
99 
< 
* 
c 
£ 
ii 
.M H 
.}! 
ii. 
M. 
h 
.M 
II 
.M 
H. 
M. 
n 
,M 
w 
.M 
u. 
M. 
1 
s 
4 
52 7 
20 
0 
35 
4 
56 
7 
16 
0 
41 
5 
1 
7 
11 
0 
48 
2 
M 
T 
4 
53 i 7 
19 
1 
26 
4 
57 
7 
15 
1 
32 
5 
2 
7 
10 
1 
39 
3 
4 
54 -7 
18 
2 
22 
4 
58 
7 
14 
2 
28 
5 
3 
4 
9 
2 
34 
4 
W 
T 
4 
55 7 
16 
3 
22 
4 
59 
7 
12 
3 
27 
r» 
4 
7 
8 
3 
33 
4 
57,7 
15 
set 
5 
0 
i 
11 
sets 
5 
4 
7 
7 
sets 
6 
F 
4 
58 7 
14 
7 
13 
5 
1 
7 
10 
7 
11 
5 
5 
t 
6 
7 
10 
s 
4 
59 7 
18 
7 
38 
5 
2 
7 
9 
7 
3/ 
5 
6 
7 
7 
36 
8 
s 
5 
0,7 
11 
8 
2 
5 
3 
7 
8 
8 
2 
5 
7 
7 
4 
8 
3 
9 
M 
T 
5 
1 7 
10 
8 
26 
5 
4 
7 
6 
8 
23 
5 
8 
7 
3 
8 
SO 
10 
5 
2,7 
9 
8 
53 
5 
5 
7 
5 
8 
56 
5 
9 
7 
2 
8 
59 
11 
w 
5 
3 7 
7 
9 
23 
5 
6 
7 
4 
9 
27 
5 
10 
7 
1 
9 
32 
12 
T 
5 
4 7 
6 
9 
59 
5 
7 
7 
2 
10 
5 
5 
It 
7 
0 
10 
10 
13 
F 
5 
5 7 
4 
10 
43 
5 
8 
7 
1 
10 
no 
5 
12 
6 
58 
10 
56 
14 
S 
5 
li 7 
3 
11 
37 
5 
9 
7 
0 
11 
44 
5 
13 
6 
56 
11 
5L 
15 
s 
5 
2 
mom 
5 
10 
6 
58 
morn 
5 
14 
6 
55 
mo 
rn 
16 
M 
T 
5 
8 7 
0 
0 
41 
5 
11 
6 
57 
0 
48 
5 
14 
6 
54 
a 
54 
17 
5 
96 
59 
1 
53 
5 
12 
6 
56 
1 
59 
5 
15 
6 
52 
2 
5 
18 
w 
5 
10 6 
57 
3 
9 
5 
13 
6 
51 
3 
14 
5 
16 
6 
51 
3 
19 
19 
T 
5 
11,6 
56 
4 
26 
5 
14 
6 
53 
4 
29 
tj 
17 
6 
50 
4 
33 
20 
F 
5 
12 6 
54 
rises 
5 
15 
6 
52 
rises 
rj 
18 
6 
49 
rises 
21 
s 
5 
13,6 
52 
7 
16 
5 
16 
6 
50 
7 
17 
5 
19 
6 
47 
7 
18 
22 
s 
5 
15,5 
51 
7 
42 
5 
17 
6 
48 
7 
44 
5 
20 
6 
46 
7 
46 
23 
M 
5 
16 6 
49 
8 
9 
5 
IS 
6 
47 
8 
12 
5 
21 
6 
44 
8 
15 
24 
T 
5 
17 6 
48 
8 
as 
5 
19 
6 
45 
8 
42 
5 
22 
6 
43 
8 
46 
\v 
5 
18 6 
46 
9 
10 
5 
20 
6 
44 
9 
16 
r> 
23 
6 
41 
9 
21 
20 
T 
5 
19 6 
45 
9 
48 
5 
21 
6 
42 
9 
54 
5 
23 
6 
40 
10 
0 
F 
5 
20 6 
43 
10 
30 
5 
22 
6 
41 
10 
31 
5 
24 
6 
38 
10 
43 
28 
S 
5 
21 6 
41 
11 
19 
5 
23 
6 
39 
11 
25 
5 
25 
6 
37 
11 
32 
29 
s 
5 
22 6 
40 
mom 
5 
24 
6 
38 
morn 
5 
26 
6 
35 
morn 
M 
5 
23 6 
38 
0 
13 
5 
25 
6 
86 
0 
19 
r-j 
27 
6 
84 
0 
23 
31 
T 
5 
24 6 
36 
1 
7 
5 
26 
6 
31 
1 
13 
5 
28 
6 
32 
1 
25 
rHASICS Ol? THIS MOON. 
MOON'. 
JiOSTON. 
N. YORK. 
WASll’N.I 
CHICAGO. 
1). 
II. M. 
TI. M. 
IT. M. 
ir. m. 
New M*n 
11 4 ev. 
10 52 ev. 
10 40 ev. 1 
9 58 ev. 
1st Quart 
13 
6 58 mo. 
6 46 mo. 
6 34 mo 
5 52 mo. 
Full M’n 
20 0 31 mo. 
20 0 22 mo. 
20 0 10 mo 19 11 2S ev. 
Sd Quart. 
27 
11 31 mo. 
11 19mo. 
11 7 mo 
10 25 mo. 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
NEW YORK, AUGUST, 1880. 
Hints for the Work of the Month. 
[The Hints and Suggestions in these columns are 
never copied from previous years, but are freshly pre¬ 
pared for every month, from the latest experience and 
observations, by practical men in each department .] 
It is to be remembered that the American Agricul¬ 
turist circulates over a vast territory, and it fol¬ 
lows, from the great difference in the seasons, etc., 
that these hints must be of a general character. 
Good judgment must, therefore, be used in apply¬ 
ing them to any particular section or locality 7 . It 
is evident that no one rule as to planting, sowing, 
harvesting, etc., can apply everywhere. 
•Sowing Wheat .—When wheat follows oats, the oat 
stubble should be plowed as soou as the crop is re¬ 
moved from the field, otherwise the dry weather, 
that so frequently comes in early autumn, will make 
the soil dry and hard, and it then can only be worked 
with difficulty. Wheat requires a fine, mellow soil, 
and if any clods remain after the first harrowing, the 
work of pulverizing the soil should be continued 
until all clods are reduced to a fine state. The 
roller and the Disk harrow are both excellent imple¬ 
ments in bringing the soil into a proper condition. 
Drilling is by far the best method of sowing ; it 
secures uniformity in depth, and saves seed by put¬ 
ting all the grains in a proper place for growth. 
Five or six pecks of grain is sufficient seed per 
acre when the drill is used. Of late some farmers 
are testing the value of cultivating wheat, and their 
results are almost uniformly in favor of the prac¬ 
tice. In sowing, the alternate spouts of the grain 
drill are closed, and the seed sown in rows about 16 
inches apart. It is not difficult to construct a cul¬ 
tivator that will work bet ween these rows by means 
of which the soil may be kept loose and free from 
weeds. We wish to receive full reports from those 
who have been cultivating their wheat the past year. 
Seed .—Much depends upon the variety of wheat 
sown. Of the several kinds now “in the field,” 
the Clawson takes very high rank, and is the one 
found to be generally preferred in the wheat re¬ 
gions we have recently visited. 
Early Sowing is best except when there is danger 
from the Hessian fly, when the late sowing is prefer¬ 
red, bat owing to the poor growth made in autumn 
only an average crop may be expected from sowing 
late to escape the fly—it is a choice between two- 
evils, the lesser of which is sowing the seed late. 
Rye is not so valuable a crop as wheat; but it ha* 
the advantage over wheat of doing well on a poorer 
soil. It should be borne in mind that a soil that is- 
rich enough to grow a good crop of rye can, by a 
dressing of 250 to 300 pounds of fertilizer, be made 
to produce a much more profitable crop of wheat. 
If the rye is grown for the straw, in special cases, 
the rye crop may be more valuable than wheat; 
but as a grain crop the wheat takes the front rank. 
Fall Fodder .—White turnips may be sown this 
month. With the use of manure or artificial fer¬ 
tilizers, an oat stubble may be made to produce a 
crop of 600 to 800 bushels per acre. These roots 
make excellent feed for all kinds of stock, and will 
keep in good condition until January. 
For Fall Pasture , rye, or millet, may he sown ear¬ 
ly this month, on rich and thoroughly prepared soil. 
If not wanted this fall, the rye will make a good 
crop for the spring soiling of the farm animals. 
Winter Oats have succeeded in some parts of the 
South, but are not a safe crop for the North. The 
seed is sown next month, but the preparation for 
it is now made, and the more thorough the better. 
Swamp Lands .—This month and the next are the 
best for cleaning up the wet, low lands. The thick 
growth of grass and weeds is first to be cut and 
burned, when the soil will be ready to break up 
with a plow. So soon as the soil has been made 
fine by thorough harrowing, it should be sown to 
grass seed. Frequently it will be necessary to run 
one or more 
Drains before the soil is prepared for the seeding. 
During dry weather drains can be dug at much les3 
expense than when the soil is full of water. In 
making a drain, it must be remembered that its 
value largely depends upon the thoroughness with 
which the work is done. A drain to be a paying 
investment must he a permanent improvement. It 
is better to make a single drain that will last than 
a larger number, with the same money, that are 
imperfect, and will be constant sources of trouble. 
Muck .—This valuable material for the barn-yard, 
stable, and compost heap, can be dug with greatest 
ease and profit at this season. It may be drawn 
out into a heap near by, with a team and a dump 
scraper, where it can get dried ®ut, and after¬ 
wards be drawn to the place where it is to be used. 
Composts .—There are many waste matters about 
the farm, and they should be gathered into a heap 
and there rotted into a valuable fertilizer. Weeds 
of all kinds that do not contain ripe seeds, and 
refuse of crops, should go into the compost heap. 
Fall Fallowing .—It is wise to plow as much as 
possible for spring sowing. It is a half-way fallow¬ 
ing, and in so far an advantage to the soil; it is of 
more benefit to heavy land than light, and the 
earlier it is done the better. Fall plowing greatly 
facilitates the farm operations in the spring. 
Mangels and Beets .—The root crops need frequent • 
cultivation through August, and as long as the 
foliage will allow it. Sugar-beets are best if earthed 
up uutil the roots are entirely below the surface. 
Mangels do not require this care in “hilling up.” 
Potatoes should be harvested so soon as they are 
ripe, otherwise the tubers may sprout, especially if 
the weather is wet; they are more apt to he affect¬ 
ed with the rot if not removed from the soil as 
soou as they are mature. Burn the vines. 
Cows will Deed some fresh fodder when the pas¬ 
tures become short and dry. Fodder com is ex¬ 
cellent for this, keeping up the flow of milk through 
the season. An abundance of cool, fresh water- 
ought to be within the reach of the cows, and also 
shade from the hot sun of the summer noon-day. 
Sheep .—The coupling season begins soon, and a 
good ram only should be used. If possible, secure 
a pure blood—a poor ram is poor economy. The 
Lambs should be separated from the dams and 
given a good pasture by themselves. If early lambs 
are desired for the spring market, a Southdown 
cross is preferable for quality, though in size the 
Cotswolds are much larger than the Southdowns. 
Swine .—By proper management two litters of 
