464, 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
[November, 
extend into the earth from two to three feet to in¬ 
sure them against destruction from frost. If we set 
our building two feet above ground, and houses in 
the country should never be less for healthfulness, 
such foundations, including the portions below and 
above ground will measure from four to five feet in 
hight. For the small expense of the excavation, 
Fig. 2.— FRONT ELEVATION OF HOUSE. 
and a few additional bottom courses of rough 
masonry, all such foundation-walls may be utilized 
to better advantage, and a valuable cellar will be 
obtained. With these facts in mind, it will be seen 
that there is no real economy in trench foundations, 
especially where it is possible to have a cellar. In 
this plan the cellar extends under the entire build¬ 
ing. Six small windows give light to all parts, and 
an outside door opens to the area under the rear 
porch. A flight of stairs lead directly to the 
kitchen. B'irst Slory (figure 4).—Hight of 
ceiling, nine feet. A Parlor, a Living-room, and 
/6'Z' 
Kitchen, each of nearly equal dimensions, form the 
principal divisions of this story. The two front 
rooms are entered from the front porch through the 
vestibule. Each has out-looks to the front and one 
side. The Living-room is also accessible from the 
rear porch through the entry. A fire-place is put 
between the Parlor and Living-room, which may be 
made to face either way, and suited to the use of a 
fire-place heater. The latter may be so arranged 
as to communicate heat to each of the four rooms 
in the main part. The Kitchen is a pleasant and 
convenient apartment; it has windows in three of 
its bides, a large open fire-place suited to the use of 
a range, two closets and a sink, and communica¬ 
tion directly with the rear entry and the cellar stairs. 
The Stairs to the sec¬ 
ond story lead from the 
entry, with platform and 
winders near the top. 
Second Story (fig. 
ure 5).—Hight of ceiling, 
four and one half feet at 
the plates, and following 
the rafters to the full 
hight of eight feet. There 
is a hall, two chambers, 
two bedrooms, and two 
closets in this story. Each 
room has good-sized win¬ 
dows,and adjoins chimney 
flues, giving opportuni¬ 
ty for the use of stoves 
if required. The Hall has 
a small window just above 
the stair platform, giv¬ 
ing light to the hall above 
and the entry below. In¬ 
quiry is sometimes made 
as to “what constitutes 
the difference between a 
chamber and a bedroom.” 
The term “chamber” is 
applied to such sleeping 
apartments as will con- 
taina full suit of chamber 
furniture, consisting usu¬ 
ally of seven pieces; and 
“bedroom” to such as have only space for a par¬ 
tial suit of perhaps three pieces.Construc¬ 
tion.—The foundations are of hard brick and 
mortar, eight inches thick. The frame of sawed 
timber; siding, of “Novelty” pattern pine; roofs, 
of sawed shingles; floors, of spruce T. & G. The 
windows are glazed with second quality French 
glass; doors of pine, four-panelled and molded; 
plastering, hard finished. The casings inside, of 
white pine, and in the front rooms molded. The 
mantel shelves are of ash plank, supported on neat 
trusses. Painting, two coats.The B'lstimate 
for the average cost of this building is given below : 
75 yards Excavation, at 25c. per yard.$ 1R 75 
12.000 Brick foundation and chimney, laid, $12 per M 144 00 
475 yards Plastering, at 20c. per yard. 95 00 
2,150 ft. Timhpr, at $15 per M. 
2 Sills 4x7 in. 25 ft. long. 
5 Pills, 4x7 in. 10 ft. long. 
2 Sills, 4x7 in. 19 ft. long. 
2 Plates 4x6 in.25 ft. long. 
2 Plates 4x6 in. 19 ft long. 
8 Posts 4x6 in. 14 ft long. 
250 Wall Strips, at 12c. each .. 30 00 
30 Joints, at 15c. each. 4 50 
123 Siding. 914 in., at 28c. each. 35 84 
Cornice materials. 15 00 
300 Shingling Lath, at 6c. each . 18 00 
45 hunches Shingles, at $1.25 each. .. 56 25 
60 ft. Tin Va'leys, at 8c. per ft. 4 80 
152 Flooring (inside), 9 in. wide, at 28c. each. 42 56 
30 Flooring (outside), 4 V r in. wide, at 15c. each. 4 50 
6 Cellar Windows, at $3 each complete. 18 00 
14 plain Windows, at $5.50 eacli complete. 77 00 
18 Doors, at $5 each. 90 00 
2 Porches, $25: 2 Stairs. $16 41 00 
5 Mantel Shelves $10; Closet finish. $6. 16 00 
Nails. Pump, and Sink, $25 ; Painting, $75. 100 00 
Carting. $15; Carpenters' labor, $125. 140 00 
Incidentals. 16 55 
Total. .$1,000 00 
Hereford Cattle. —Enterprising breeders and 
dealers are, it seems, taking advantage of tbe great 
favor in which this excellent breed of cattle is held, 
to buy in England almost everything that is fit to 
import and has a fair pedigree. One breeder, Mr. 
T. L. Miller, is about landing some 109 head of 
Herefords. This “boom ” in favor of the Herefords 
is not to be wondered at. They are one of the 
ancient races of Great Britain, of which the DevoD 
is another, differing from the more artificial breeds 
in possessing a greater permanency of type. Their 
white faces and strips on belly and shoulders are, 
though very noticeable, a cultivated feature, to a 
great extent added within the past 100 years. As 
we now find them, they are exceedingly uniform in 
their characteristics, grow quickly, are early and 
profitable feeders, of good weight, excellent 
handlers, very low set, a little strong in bone, and 
. 32 25 
1 I!idge2x7 in. 34 ft. long. 
1 Ridge 2x7 in. 25 ft, long. 
88 Beams 2x6 In. 16 It. long. 
4 Beams 2x7 in. 12 ft. long. 
2 Valleys 2x7 16 ft. long. 
the cows reputed poor milkers. They are superior 
to the Shorthorns on poor feed, stand privation, 
short pasturage, and lack of water better, at least 
so it is claimed, and hence are great favor¬ 
ites on the Plains. Tbe butchers favor them 
because the flesh is well marbled, and cuts up to 
profit. Their advocates in this country, from Mr. 
Sotham to Mr. Miller, have been most faithful in 
presenting their claims as against the Shorthorns, 
often fairly tiring out the general reader or any one 
not directly interested. The beasts were not par¬ 
ticularly attractive, sold at low prices, had short 
pedigrees, if any, and were only beef cattle, while 
their rivals were fashionable, had long pedigrees, 
were stylish and beautiful, were excellent both for 
beef and milk, and sold for higher prices than any 
other breed of cattle by far. Now the tables seem 
to he turning—beef is everything for the far West. 
Hereford pedigrees are at least sound, while every 
breeder of Shorthorns is picking all the flaws he 
can in the pedigrees of every family except the 
one he breeds himself. Hurrah for the Herefords. 
