CONTENTS. 
XXI 
Trees.—Similarity of American and European Coal.—Air-breathers of the 
American Coal.—Changes of Condition of Land and Sea indicated by the 
Carboniferous Strata of Nova Scotia..............Page 394 
CHAPTER XXIV. 
FLORA AND FAUNA OF THE CARBONIFEROUS PERIOD. 
Vegetation ot the Coal Period.—Ferns, Lycopodiacese, Equisetacese, Sigilla- 
riae, Stigmariae, Coniferae.—Angiosperms.—Climate of the Coal Period.— 
Mountain Limestone.—Marine Fauna of the Carboniferous Period.—Corals. 
—Bryozoa, Crinoidea.—Mollusca.—Great Number of fossil Fish.—Fora- 
minifera. 420 
CHAPTER XXV. 
DEVONIAN OR OLD RED SANDSTONE GROUP. 
Classification of the Old Red Sandstone in Scotland and in Devonshire.— 
Upper Old Red Sandstone in Scotland, with Fish and Plants.—Middle 
Old Red Sandstone.—Classification of the Ich thy elites of the Old Red, 
and their Relation to Living Types.—Lower Old Red Sandstone, with 
Cephalaspis and Pterygotus ,—Marine or Devonian Type of Old Red Sand¬ 
stone.—Table of Devonian Series.—Upper Devonian Rocks and Fossils. 
—Middle.—Lower.—Eifel Limestone of Germany.—Devonian of Russia. 
—Devonian Strata of the United States and Canada.—Devonian Plants 
and Insects of Canada. 439 
CHAPTER XXVI. 
SILURIAN GROUP. 
Classification of the Silurian Rocks.—Ludlow Formation and Fossils.—Bone- 
bed of the Upper Ludlow.—Lower Ludlow Shales with Pentamerus .— 
Oldest known Remains of fossil Fish.—Table of the progressive Discovery 
of Vertebrata in older Rocks.—Wenlock Formation, Corals, Cystideans 
and Trilobites.—Llandovery Group or Beds of Passage.—Lower Silurian 
Rocks.—Caradoc and Bala Beds.—Brachiopoda.—Trilobites.—Cystidese. 
—Graptolites.—Llandeilo Flags.—Arenig or Stiper-stones Group.—For¬ 
eign Silurian Equivalents in Europe.—Silurian Strata of the United States. 
—Canadian Equivalents.—^Amount of specific Agreement of Fossils with 
those of Europe. 458 
CHAPTER XXVII. 
CAMBRIAN AND LAURENTIaN GROUPS. 
Classification of the Cambrian Group, and its Equivalent in Bohemia.—Up¬ 
per Cambrian Rocks.—Tremadoc Slates and their Fossils.—Lingula Flags. 
—Lower Cambrian Rocks.—Menevian Beds.—Longmynd Group.—Har¬ 
lech' Grits with large Trilobites.—Llanberis Slates.—Cambrian Rocks of 
Bohemia.—Primordial Zone of Barrande.—Metamorphosis of Trilobites. 
—Cambrian Rocks of Sweden and Norway.—Cambrian Rocks of the 
United States and Canada.—Potsdam Sandstone.—Huronian Series.— 
Laurentian Group, upper and lower.— Eozoon Canadense^ oldest known 
Fossil.—Fundamental Gneiss of Scotland. 481 
