XX 
CONTENTS. 
CHAPTEK XX. 
JURASSIC GROUP—CONTINUED. —LIAS. 
Mineral Character of Lias.—Numerous successive Zones in the Lias, marked 
by distinct Fossils, without Unconformity in the Stratification, or Change 
in the Mineral Character of the Deposits.—Gryphite Limestone.—Shells 
of the Lias.—Fish of the Lias.—Reptiles of the Lias.—Ichthyosaur and 
Plesiosaur.—Marine Reptile of the Galapagos Islands.—Sudden Destruc¬ 
tion and Burial of Fossil Animals in Lias.—Fluvio-marine Beds in Glou¬ 
cestershire, and Insect Limestone.—Fossil Plants.—The Origin of the 
Ootlie and Lias, and of alternating Calcareous and Argillaceous Forma¬ 
tions...*.Page 353 
CHAPTER XXL 
TRIAS, OR NEW RED SANDSTONE GROUP. 
Beds of Passage between the Lias and Trias, Rhastic Beds.—Triassic Mam- 
mifer.—Triple Division of the Trias.—Keuper, or Upper Trias of England. 
—Reptiles of the Upper Trias.—Foot-prints in the Bunter formation in 
England.—Dolomitic Conglomerate of Bristol.—Origin of Red Sandstone 
and Rock-salt.—Precipitation of Salt from inland Lakes and Lagoons.— 
Trias of Germany.—Keuper.—St. Cassian and Hallstadt Beds.—Peculiar¬ 
ity of their Fauna.—Muschelkalk and its Fossils.—Trias of the United 
States.—Fossil Foot-prints of Birds and Reptiles in the Valley of the Con¬ 
necticut.—Triassic Mammifer of North Carolina.—Triassic Coal-field of 
Richmond, Virginia.—Low Grade of early Mammals favorable to the The¬ 
ory of Progressive Development. 366 
CHAPTER XXII. 
PERMIAN OR MAGNESIAN LIMESTONE GROUP. 
Line of Separation between Mesozoic and Palaeozoic Rocks.—Distinctness 
of Triassic and Permian Fossils.—Term Permian.—Thickness of calcare¬ 
ous and sedimentary Rocks in North of England.—Upper, Middle, and 
Lower Permian. — Marine Shells and Corals of the English Magnesian 
Limestone.—Reptiles and Fish of Permian Marl-slate.—Foot-prints of 
Reptiles.—Angular Breccias in Lower Permian.—Permian Rocks of the 
Continent.—Zechstein and Rothliegendes of Thuringia.—Permian Flora. 
—Its generic Affinity to the Carboniferous. 385 
CHAPTER XXIII. 
THE COAL OR CARBONIFEROUS GROUP. 
Principal Subdivisions of the Carboniferous Group.—Different Thickness of 
the sedimentary and calcareous Members in Scotland and the South of 
England.—Coal-measures.—Terrestrial Nature of the Growth of Coal.— 
Erect fossil Trees.—Uniting of many Coal-seams into one thick Bed.— 
Purity of the Coal explained.—Conversion of Coal into Anthracite.—Ori¬ 
gin of Clay-ironstone.—Marine and brackish-water Strata in Coal.—Fossil 
Insects.—Batrachian Reptiles.—Labyrinthodont Foot-prints in Coal-meas¬ 
ures.—Nova Scotia Coal-measures with successive Growths of erect fossil 
