XV 111 
CONTENTS. 
Cold.—Connection of the Predominance of Lakes with Glacial Action.— 
Action of Ice in preventing the silting up of Lake-basins.—Absence of 
Lakes in the Caucasus.—Equatorial Lakes of Africa.Page 174 
CHAPTER XIII. 
PLIOCENE PERIOD. 
Glacial Formations of Pliocene Age.—Bridlington Beds.—Glacial Drifts of 
Ireland.—Drift of Norfolk Cliffs.—Cromer Forest-bed.—Aldeby and Chil- 
lesford Beds.—Norwich Crag.—Older Pliocene Strata.—Red Crag of Suf¬ 
folk.—Coprolitic Bed of Red Crag.—White or Coralline Crag.—Relative 
Age, Origin, and Climate of the Crag Deposits.—Antwerp Crag.—Newer 
Pliocene Strata of Sicily.—Newer Pliocene Strata of the Upper Val d’Ar- 
no.—Older Pliocene of Italy.—Subapennine Strata.—Older Pliocene Flora 
of Italy. 189 
. CHAPTER XIV. 
MIOCENE PERIOD.—UPPER MIOCENE. 
Upper Miocene Strata of France.—Faluns of Touraine.—Tropical Climate 
implied by Testacea.—Proportion of recent Species of Shells.—Faluns 
more ancient than the Suffolk Crag.—Upper Miocene of Bordeaux and 
the South of France.—Upper Miocene of QEningen, in Switzerland.—Plants 
of the Upper Fresh-water Molasse.—Fossil Fruit and Flowers as well as 
Leaves.—Insects of the Upper Molasse.—Middle or Marine Molasse of 
Switzerland.—Upper Miocene Beds of the Bolderberg, in Belgium.—Vien¬ 
na Basin.—Upper Miocene of Italy and Greece.—Upper Miocene of India ; 
Siwalik Hills.—Older Pliocene and Miocene of the United States. 211 
CHAPTER XV. 
LOWER MIOCENE. 
Lower Miocene Strata of France.—Line between Miocene and Eocene.— 
Lacustrine Strata of Auvergne.—Fossil Mammalia of the Limagne d'Au- 
vergne.—Lower Molasse of Switzerland.—Dense Conglomerates and Proofs 
of Subsidence.—Flora of the Lower Molasse.—American Character of the 
Flora.—Theory of a Miocene Atlantis.—Lower Miocene of Belgium.— 
Rupelian Clay of Hermsdorf near Berlin.—Mayence Basin.—Lower Mio¬ 
cene of Croatia.—Oligocene Strata of Beyrich.—Lower Miocene of Italy. 
—Lower Miocene of England.—Hempstead Beds.—Bovey Tracy Lignites 
in Devonshire.—Isle of Mull Leaf-beds.—Arctic Miocene Flora.—Disco 
Island.—Lower Miocene of United States.—Fossils of Nebraska. 230 
CHAPTER XVI. 
EOCENE FORMATIONS. 
Eocene Areas of North of Europe.—Table of English and French Eocene 
Strata.—Upper Eocene of England.—Bembridge Beds.—Osborne or St. 
Helen’s Beds.—Headon Series.—Fossils of the Barton Sands and Clays.— 
Middle Eocene of England.—Shells, Nummulites, Fish and Reptiles of the 
Bracklesham Beds and Bagshot Sands.—Plants of Alum Bay and Bourne¬ 
mouth.—Lower Eocene of England.—London Clay Fossils.—Woolwich 
