84 
ELEMENTS OF GEOLOGY. 
Fig. 66. 
Slope of valley 40°, dip of strata 20' 
Fig. 67. 
Secondly, if the beds be inclined and intersected by a val¬ 
ley sloping in the same direction, and the dip of the beds be 
less steep than the 
slope of the valley, 
then the V’s, as they 
are often termed by 
miners, will point up¬ 
ward (see Fig. 66), 
those formed by the 
newer beds appear¬ 
ing in a superior po¬ 
sition, and extending 
highest up the valley, 
as A is seen above B. 
Thirdly, if the dip 
of the beds be steep¬ 
er than the slope of 
the valley, then the 
V’s will point down¬ 
ward (see Fig. 67), 
and those formed of 
the older beds will 
now appear upper¬ 
most, as B appears 
above A. 
Fourthly, in every 
case where the strata 
dip in a contrary di¬ 
rection to the slope 
of the valley, what¬ 
ever be the angle of 
inclination, the newer 
beds will appear the 
highest, as in the 
first and second cases. 
This is shown by the 
drawing (Fig. 68), 
which exhibits strata 
rising at an angle of 
20°, and crossed by a 
valley, which declines 
in an opposite direc¬ 
tion at 20°. 
These rules may 
for the different de¬ 
cases represented in 
Slope of valley 20°, dip of strata 50°. 
Fig. 68. 
Slope 
often 
grees 
of valley 20°, dip of strata 20°, in opposite 
directions. 
be of great practical utility; 
of dip occurring in the two 
