INSECTS IN EUROPEAN COAL. 
405 
iiized at still more distant points. The characteristic fossils 
are a small bivalve, havino' the form of a Cyclas or Cyrena^ 
also a small entomostracan, 
Cythere inflata (Fig. 432), 
and the microscopic shell of 
an annelid of an extinct ge¬ 
nus called Microconehus 
(Fig. 431), allied to Spiror- 
bis. In the coal-field of 
Yorkshire there are fresh¬ 
water strata, some of which 
contain shells referred to the 
Fig. 431. Fig. 432. 
family Unionidoe; but in the 
midst of the series there is 
thin but very wddely- 
one 
spread stratum, abounding 
in fishes and 
a. Microconchu8 {Spi- 
rorhis) carhonarius, 
Murch. Nat. size 
and magnified, b. 
Variety of same. 
Cgthere {Leperditia) 
inflata. Nat. size 
and magnified. 
Murchison. 
Fig. 433. 
marine shells, such as 
Fig. 434. 
Gonlatites Listeri, Martin. 
Coal - measures, York¬ 
shire and Lancashire. 
Aviculopecten papyrace- 
us, Goldf. \Pecte7ipa- 
pyraceus, Sow.) 
Gonlatites Listeri (Fig. 
433), Orthoceras^ and 
Aviculopecten papyra- 
cells Goldf. (Fig. 434). 
Insects in European 
Coal. — Articulate ani¬ 
mals of the genus Scor¬ 
pion were found by 
Count Sternberg in 
1835 in the coal-meas¬ 
ures of Bohemia, and 
about the same time 
in those of Coalbrook 
Dale by Mr. Prestwich, where also true insects, such as 
beetles of the family CurculionidcB,, a neuropterous insect 
of the genus Corydalis,^ and another related to the Phasmidm^ 
have been found. 
From the coal of Wetting, in Westphalia, several specimens 
Fig. 435. 
Wing of a Grasshopper. Gryllacris lithanthraca^ Goldenberg. 
Coal, Saarhriick, near Treves. 
