VEGETATION OF THE COAL PERIOD. 
423 
have been transported by the wind, causing the same wide 
distribution of the species of the fossil forests in Euroj)e and 
America which we now observe in the geographical distri¬ 
bution of so many living families of cryptogamous plants. 
The Figs. 453-455 represent a fossil Lepidodendron^ 49 feet 
Fig. 453. Fig. 454. 
Lepidodendron Sternbergii. Coal-measures, uear Newcastle. 
Fig. 453. Branching trunk, 49 feet long, supposed to have belonged to L. Sternbergii. 
(Foss. Flo. 203.)—Fig. 454. Branching stem with bark and leaves of L. Sternbergii. 
(Foss. Flo. 4.)—Fig. 455. Portion of same nearer the root. Natural size. (Ibid.) 
long, found in Jarrow Colliery, near Newcastle, lying in shale 
parallel to the planes of stratification. Fragments of others, 
found in the same shale, indicate, by the size of the rhomboidal 
scars which cov-. 
er them, a still 
Fig. 456. 
greater 
magni¬ 
tude. The liv¬ 
ing club-moss¬ 
es, of which 
tl'iere are about 
200 species, are 
most abundant 
in tropical cli¬ 
mates. They 
usually creep 
on the ground, 
but some stand 
erect, as theXy- 
copodium den- 
sum from New 
Zealand (see Figure 456), which attains a height of three 
feet. 
a. Lycopodium densum. * Living species. New Zealand. 
b. Branch; natural size. c. Part of same, magnified. 
