448 
ELEMENTS OF GEOLOGY. 
Fig. 505. 
Parka decipiens, Fleming. 
In sandstone of lower 
beds of Old Red, Ley’s 
Mill, Forfarshire. 
Fig. 506. 
Fife. 
plants may be of the family Fluviales^ and of fresh-water 
genera. They are accompanied by fossils, called “ berries ” 
by the quarry men, which they compared to a compressed 
blackberry (see Figs. 505, 506),and which were called “Par¬ 
ka” by Dr. Fleming. They are now considered by Mr. 
Powrie to be the eggs 
* of crustaceans, which is 
highly probable, for they 
have not only been found 
with Pterygotus angll- 
cus in Forfarshire and 
Perthshire, but also in 
the Upper Silurian strata 
of England, in which spe¬ 
cies of the same genus, 
Pterygotus, occur. 
Shale of Old Red Sandstone. Forfarshire. With TLp rkYLiLi 
impression of plants and eggs of Crustaceans. , ± iiti giciiiuefeb laiijui- 
a. Two pair of ova? resembling those of large tious, SayS Sir R. Murchi- 
son, of the Old Red Sand¬ 
stone in England and 
Wales appear in the escarpments of the Black Mountains and 
in the Fans of Brecon and Carmarthen, the one 2862, and the 
other 2590 feet above the sea. The mass of red and brown 
sandstone in these mountains is estimated at not less than 
10,000 feet, clearly intercalated between the Carboniferous 
and Silurian strata. No shells or corals have ever been found 
in the whole series, not even where the beds are calcareous, 
forming irregular courses of concretionary lumps called “corn- 
stones,” which may be described as mottled red and green 
earthy limestones. The fishes of this lowest English Old Red 
are Cephalaspis and Pteraspis^ specifically different from spe¬ 
cies of the same genera which occur in the uppermost Lud¬ 
low or Silurian tilestones. Crustaceans also of the genus 
Pjiirypterus are met with. 
