146 
APPENDIX. 
nite, through which they sink wells about two hundred 
feet to collect petroleum. 
In examining the bones, I have had the advantage of 
the co-operation of Mr. Clift, to whose anatomical descrip¬ 
tion I beg to refer my readers. And though we are still 
without proof as to the existence of fossil elephants in Asia, 
there being no remains of these animals in the collection 
now before us; we have bones and teeth of the Pachyder- 
mata which are usually associated with them in Europe, 
America, and Siberia; viz. of rhinoceros, hippopotamus, 
mastodon, tapir, and hog; also several species of Rumi- 
nantia, resembling oxen, antelopes or deer; with the addi¬ 
tion of the gavial and alligator, and species of the two 
genera of fresh-water tortoises, viz. Trionyx and Emys. 
The occurrence of such reptiles in the same deposits 
with the Mammalia, has, I believe, not yet been noticed 
in the diluvium of Europe, America, or Northern Asia; 
and it deserves remark, that the gavial, and several of the 
Pachydermata found by Mr. Crawfurd, do not now inhabit 
the Burmese Country; for the gavial is now limited almost 
exclusively to the waters of the Ganges and its conflu¬ 
ents ; the hippopotamus exists no where but in the rivers 
and lakes of Africa; and the mastodon is utterly extinct. 
There is, however, no greater anomaly in supposing that 
all these animals inhabited the Burmese Country at the 
period preceding the deluge which overwhelmed it, than 
that at the period preceding the similar catastrophe which 
befel the North of Europe, the elephant, rhinoceros, hip¬ 
popotamus and hyaena were co-inhabitants of England,—-a 
point which in another work* I have endeavoured to estab¬ 
lish from the evidence of the bones found at Kirkdale and 
in other caverns. 
* Reliquiae Diluvianse. 
