APPENDIX. 
149 
of the fragments, their size must occasionally have been 
very great. 
The fossil emys and trionyx of Ava we can scarcely 
identify, from our imperfect fragments, either with species 
that now inhabit the rivers of that country, or with the 
fossil tortoises which extend through nearly all tertiary 
and secondary strata; occurring in the tertiary sand-rock 
of Brussels, and in our London and plastic clay, in our 
Hastings-sand and Purbeck limestone, as well as in the 
Kimmeridge clay and Stonesfield oolite, in the lias of 
Glostershire, and transition slate of Glarus. In the mo¬ 
dern rivers of India there are tortoises which attain a 
considerable size, and are cherished and fed by the natives. 
It cannot but occur to us in this stage of our enquiry 
as remarkable, that not one fragment is found in all this 
collection, either of the elephant, tiger, or hyaena, which 
now abound so much in India ; whilst the mastodon, whose 
living analogue exists not upon earth, must probably at 
one time have swarmed in the districts bordering on the 
Irawadi. The same analogy which emboldened me, in my 
first paper on the Cave of Kirkdale, to anticipate the dis¬ 
covery which was speedily made of hyaenas’ bones in the 
diluvium of England, arguing on the fact of their existence 
in the diluvium of the European continent, at the present 
moment encourages me also to anticipate the future dis¬ 
covery of the elephant, tiger, and hyaena in the diluvium 
of Asia. I would also argue, on the same grounds, that 
it is highly probable we shall hereafter find the mastodon 
in our own diluvium and most recent tertiary strata. 
The state of preservation of all these bones from Ava is 
remarkably perfect, from the circumstance of their being 
almost entirely penetrated with hydrate of iron, to a degree 
that has converted many of them to a rich mass of iron ore, 
and has given them a hardness which caused them, at first, 
