152 ' 
APPENDIX. 
which produced the rolling they have undergone, were not 
in violent action during any very protracted period of 
time. 
Many of the larger bones, and some of the small ones, 
have masses of stone adhering to them, which afford speci¬ 
mens of the matrix in which they were imbedded ; these 
are composed of small round grains and pebbles of white 
quartz, and various quartzose and jasper pebbles, strongly 
united together by a cement of carbonate of lime, and some¬ 
times by hydrate of iron : where this iron is very abun¬ 
dant, it affords concentric ocherous concretions, resembling 
Aetites, dispersed irregularly through the breccia. The 
masses of calcareo-silicious conglomerate that adhere thus 
to the bones, do not appear to have been separated by 
violence from any mass or stratum of solid stone, but to 
be merely small local concretions attached to these bones. 
There are other calcareous concretions that contain no 
kind of organic nucleus, but are composed of precisely the 
same materials as those which are formed around the bones, 
and present many of the irregular shapes of the tuberous 
roots of vegetables ; some of them also have the elongated 
conical form of slender stalactites, or clustered icicles, a 
form not unfrequently produced in beds of loose calca¬ 
reous sand by the constant descent of water along the same 
small cavity, or crevice, to which a root or worm-hole may 
have given the first beginning: some of these appeared 
in the cliffs just mentioned, near Wetmasut. I have seen 
similar elongated and pseudostalactitic concretions disposed 
at right angles to the beds of sand, and descending verti¬ 
cally by the side of each other, like the roots of carrots 
and parsnips, to a depth of nearly two feet, displayed in 
the section of the cliff near Finale, between Genoa and 
Nice; and I have also a collection of the same kind from 
the calcareous sand-beds of Bermuda: their form and 
