TABULAR VIEW. 
19 
IV. OLD RED SYSTEM, OR OLD RED SANDSTONE. 
This division includes those rocks forming the greater part of the Catskill mountains ; and extending 
westward, they disappear near the Genesee river.* The remains which mark this division, so far as 
yet known, are principally those of fossil fishes; two species only of shells having been found. Fucoids 
and fragments of land vegetables are abundant. 
Y. CARBONIFEROUS SYSTEM. 
Of this System, but a single member, the lowest of the series, occurs in the State; unless it may be in 
the counties o Delaware and Sullivan.f This member, the conglomerate, forms numerous outliers in 
the Fourth district, always, however, isolated, and of small extent; no rock in the series above being 
visible. 
VI. NEW RED SANDSTONE. 
This formation extends within the State, occupying a portion of Rockland county, and being a con¬ 
tinuation of the same rock more extensively developed in New-Jersey. 
VII. TERTIARY. 
Including the blue and yellowish clays, and their fossils, of the Champlain and St. Lawrence valleys. 
VII. QUATERNARY SYSTEM. 
This system includes all the superficial deposits of the State, except the Tertiary, and may be arranged 
under the following heads: 
1. Transported materials, 
2. Local deposits, 
f Including gravel, sand, clay, etc.; being all that class 
< of deposits which are usually known by the names dilu- 
£ vial, alluvial, drift, etc. 
f Feat, muck, lake marl, tufa, bog ores, and soil formed 
< from the decomposition of rocks in place; fossil bones of 
* mastodon, etc. 
* Since the numerous investigations in Europe have proved the Old Red Sandstone a system distinct from the lower rocks, if 
seems premature, in our present state of knowledge of that rock in this country, to merge it in the New-York System; particu¬ 
larly since those points which have served to identify the rock with the Old Red of Europe, certainly contain a very distinct assem¬ 
blage of organic remains from the groups below. The rocks occupying the Catskill mountains, though evidently of the same age 
as the sandstone yielding remains of fishes farther west, have as yet produced no organisms of this kind ; and further examina¬ 
tions must settle the question regarding the propriety of their union with the New York System. 
t It must be remembered that we have no limestone within the limits of the State, equivalent to the carboniferous limestone of 
Europe ; and therefore the lowest member of the System spoken of, is the lowest member as the series is known to us in New- 
York. Farther west, however, there is a limestone, holding the place of the carboniferous of Europe, which passes beneath 
the conglomerate ; both of these are well exposed on the Ohio river, and in many places in Indiana and Kentucky. If this lime¬ 
stone he regarded as a part of the Carboniferous System, the conglomerate, which in western New-York and some parts of Ohio 
rests upon the Chemurg group, must be considered the second member in the ascending order. 
