CARBONIFEROUS SYSTEM. 
291 
of the group below, and has evidently been thrown down from a higher elevation by the 
removal of the rock beneath. The masses are sixty or seventy feet long and of equal thick¬ 
ness, having a breadth of thirty or forty feet. The rock appears to be nearly continuous, 
separated only by fissures of greater or less extent and width. 
All the localities known in this county were enumerated in the annual report of 1841; and 
they are all indicated by the dark spots upon the map. 
Thickness. — The thickness of this rock varies at different localities from twenty-five to 
thirty-five feet. At Panama it is about sixty feet thick, and this is the greatest thickness 
known in the State, though a short distance south of the State line it becomes one hundred 
and fifty feet thick. The varying thickness may arise from original inequalities, or from 
denudation, which has operated unequally in different places. In many localities where the 
same rock appears in Ohio, Indiana and Kentucky, the thickness is nowhere greater than one 
hundred feet. 
This rock, for the most part, occurs on the high grounds which still remain entirely uncul¬ 
tivated ; where, however, the land has been cleared of the forests, it is unfit for cultivation, 
but it is equally valuable for the building and underpinning stone which it furnishes, there 
being few other rocks in that region which are fit for these purposes. 
Organic Remains of the Conglomerate and Sandstone. 
Fossils are extremely rare in this rock, having been seen in one locality only, and in this 
the sandstone predominates largely over the conglomerate. Beyond the limits of the State, 
vegetable fossils are of frequent occurrence, though but a few imperfect fragments have been 
seen in the Fourth District. 
139. 
3 
1. Euomphalus depressus. 2 and 3. Cypricardia? rhombea. 4. Cypricardia contracta. 
1. Euomphalus depressus, n. s. — Depressed-spiral; lower side broadly concave ; whorl, 
about three, round. 
This fossil closely resembles the E. serpens (Phillips, Palaeozoic Fossils, pi. 36, fig. 172). 
2 and 3. Cypricardia? rhombea, n. s. — Sub-rhomboidal; oblique; beak prominent; shell 
smooth. 
37 
