ORLEANS COUNTY. 
437 
Clay. 
Blue, yellow, and variegated clays, occur at many points in Orleans county, and are em¬ 
ployed in the manufacture of bricks ; as at Albion, where there are several kilns immediately 
in the village. A fine blue clay was seen at Linden, a thriving village one mile south of 
Yates centre. Blue and yellow clays appear at several points along the lake shore, forming 
limited beds in the banks, but at present they are not explored. 
Boulders. 
A variety of primitive boulders were noticed along the Erie canal, between Hulberton and 
Holley ; also a little north of Medina, between the canal and ridge ; and on the lake shore, in 
Yates. In the northeast part of Barre, on the limestone range, one large boulder of granite 
was observed, with greyish quartz and opalescent felspar. Also, at the same place, one very 
large transported mass of sandstone. 
These erratic blocks are found scattered over the surface, but I think in less profusion than 
farther east. Near Jefferson lake are several large masses of granite, with dark blue felspar, 
resembling the rock which occurs in place in Essex county, where it forms entire mountains. 
At Oak-orchard, on the east bank of the creek, one small boulder was noted, consisting of 
dark limestone, with fossils distinguished as belonging to the limestones which repose upon 
the sandstone seen in the southern part of the county ; but from its situation, it was considered 
to have been brought down the stream by the high waters of the creek. 
Marl. 
There is a limited deposit of calcareous marl about one mile south of Holley, on the west 
side of Sandy creek. It is white, in a state of powder, and contains an abundance of shells, 
principally the Helix albolabris (white-lipped snail). It occurs on the side of a hill, resting 
on the red sandstone, and was exposed in digging a raceway. 
Calcareous marl also occurs in a swamp on the farm of David Hooker, two and a half 
miles north of Medina. 
Calcareous tufa forms in large quantities at the falls of Oak-orchard creek at Shelby, from 
the decomposition of the calcareous shales. 
Bog Iron Ore. 
Several deposits of bog iron ore were noticed in the county, which, however, are not explored, 
so that their extent is unknown. It occurs in solid masses one mile west of Albion. 
One mile east of Ridgeway corners, on the south base of the ridge, bog iron is found in 
grains, both loose and forming small masses in the soil, which is here a sandy loam. It has 
