488 
GEOLOGY OF THE FOURTH DISTRICT. 
could give any information of its existence, had seen small pieces not more than one-half inch 
in diameter. 
This is the only rock seen on the surface, between Wellsville on the Genesee, and Bolivar. 
In the town of Genesee, about three miles north of the Pennsylvania line, and near the 
centre of that town, the conglomerate, essentially the same as at Scio, occurs on the highest 
hills. 
On the Little Genesee, a few rods north of the Pennsylvania line, sandstone and shale with 
fossils appear in place; this is at nearly the level of the stream, two or three hundred feet 
below the conglomerate. I saw, also, some detached masses, resembling the red rock at 
Wellsville, and a reddish soil which may be caused by the outcrop and disintegration of the 
same stratum. Along the southern line of the county the rocks are interrupted by the valley 
of the Oswaya creek, and thus we have no means of tracing their continuation or immediate 
connection with those of Pennsylvania. 
At several places in the western part of this county, as at Cuba, we find rocks of shale and 
sandstone similar to those already described, and quarries are opened to some extent. 
West of the village of Cuba is another more extensive quarry on the land of Judge Cham, 
berlayne; this affords sandstone in thicker masses, and better fitted for building than the 
others. 
Between Cuba and Friendship, rocks scarcely appear in place, though they are not far 
beneath the surface. In most of the high grounds of the southern counties the soil is shallow, 
the substratum being but a few feet beneath it. 
CATTARAUGUS COUNTY.* 
The general surface of Cattaraugus county maintains about the same elevation as Allegany ; 
the Genesee in the former, and the Allegany river in the latter, also take their rise at about 
the same altitude, and continue their course with nearly the same descent, though flowing in 
nearly opposite directions. Although this county is crossed by numerous streams of conside¬ 
rable size, still there are few situations where a good view of the rocks can be obtained. The 
valley of Ischua creek, which extends nearly across the county from north to south on its 
eastern side, exposes the strata only in a few places. The Cattaraugus creek pursues its 
course for the whole distance, in the outcrop of the strata, consequently developing but one or 
two rocks. 
The rocks of this county are a continuation of the same groups noticed in Allegany county. 
The Portage group forms the northern boundary of the county, and is exposed along the 
* The details of this county are mostly extracted from Mr. E. N. IIorsford’s Report. Annual Report of 1840. 
