CATTARAUGUS COUNTY. 
491 
New-Albion. Near the mouth of the Canaseraulie a bed has been found, and another near 
Zoar, with several intermediate ones, but all are small and have not been worked to any extent. 
Upon the land of Mr. Hancock, in Freedom, a bed covering a considerable portion of three 
acres, has been opened. The better portions of it are nearly exhausted, though much yet 
remains that may be advantageously used for agricultural purposes. From 3000 to 6000 
bushels have been burned annually for the last twelve years. There is another large one in 
the north part of Freedom, owned by Mr. Sherman. Four miles southeast of Randolph, on 
the land of Judge Leavenworth, a small bed has been found. 
Taking the whole together, there are in the county materials, of marl and tufa, enough to 
furnish immediately 300,000 bushels of lime. 
Beds of bog iron ore are found in many little swamps and lowlands in different parts of the 
county. Across the river from Olean, masses containing several cubic feet have been exca¬ 
vated. 
The earthy oxide of manganese or wad, was found in different parts of the Conewango and 
Little valleys. More was seen upon the land of Mr. Bush, in Randolph, than in any other 
place. It is accumulated in nodules, in some places, from the size of a shot, up to that of a 
walnut. In other places, it is seen adhering to fragments of sandstone, scattered throughout 
the soil. It has not yet been found in quantities sufficient to be of value. 
Near Lodi, nodules of iron pyrites are found in considerable quantities, in the upper por¬ 
tions of the gravel alluvium, underlying the loam of the valley. 
Trappean, hornblendic, gneissoid, granitic and sienitic, and some other boulders, are the 
representatives from more northern latitudes. One boulder of hypersthene was seen at the 
sulphur springs near Randolph. Two boulders of iron ore, resembling the specular ore of 
St. Lawrence county, were found on the south branch of the Cattaraugus, near Little’s mills. 
One weighs thirteen pounds. Both have been procured for the State Collection. 
Salt springs or licks are occasionally found. Several near Rutledge attracted attention in 
the early settlement of the town, from the numbers of deer who came to “ lick ” about them. 
Near one of these a shaft was sunk, in the hope that lower down the strength of the brine 
would be found greater. The proportion of salt was, we are informed, about a teaspoonful 
to a pail of water. 
The Oil spring, of Freedom, is, in many respects, like that of Cuba in Allegany county. 
Its diameter is somewhat less, and the quantity of oil which in a given time rises to the sur¬ 
face is, in proportion to its extent, the same. 
Carburetted hydrogen is emitted at this spring, in small quantities. It is observed to 
escape from almost all waters, either stagnant or running, in the county. It is seen bubbling 
up through the waters of most large springs. The only place where the quantity is sufficient 
to maintain a constant flame, is at the mouth of a small stream coming in to the Cattaraugus, 
against the Missionary house, about five miles above Lagrange. 
Sulphur springs are occasionally met with. One upon the land of Judge Leavenworth, 
near Randolph, is pretty strongly impregnated. 
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