INDEX 
671 
Marsupiocrinites, 113. 
Mastodon, bones and teeth of, 363 - 365 ; recent existence 
of, 365; position of its bones, 367. 
Materials for construction, 432, 447 ; see Building stones. 
Mather, Prof. W. W., geological survey of Ohio, 23. 
Maysville, Kentucky, rocks at, 503. 
Means of transport, conditions of the surface, etc. 334, 
Medina sandstone, general characters of, 34 ; extent in the 
Fourth district, 35; subdivisions of, 36- 39; diagonal and 
curved lamination of, 40, 41; accretions in, 41; localities, 
42; thickness, 43; minerals and springs of, 44; saline 
springs, 44; agricultural characters of, 45; organic remains, 
46 ; ripplemarks, 49 ; shrinkage cracks, 51; evidence of a 
beach with stranded shells, 52; wave-lines, 54. 
Medina sandstone mistaken for red shale of the Salt group, 
35; blocks of, on Niagara limestone, 340. 
Melania, 396. 
Metals, 430, 447. 
Mica, 483. 
Micaceous sandstone, 492. 
Michigan, rocks of, 512. 
Microdon, 196. 
Minerals of the Chemung group, 260; of the Clinton group, 
67 ; Corniferous limestone, 168 ; Genesee slate, 221 ; 
Hamilton group, 194; Marcellus shale, 179; Medina 
sandstone, 44; Niagara group, 98; Onondaga limestone, 
157; Onondaga-salt group, 124; Portage group, 239; 
Tully limestone, 214. 
Mineral and gas springs, 309 ; catalogue of, 315, 316. 
Mineral waters, 417. 
Mitchill, Dr., obtained the first collection of minerals from 
New-York, 7. 
Mitella, 451. 
Modern superficial detritus, 342. 
Modern action of rivers, 369, 
Modiola, 196. 
Monroe county, rocks of, surface, etc. 422, 
Montrose sandstone, 278. 
Moraines, 357. 
Moscow shale, 187, 472. 
Mountain crystallization, 301. 
Mountain ridge, 348. 
Muck, 359, 423, 468, 434; swamps, SSSv 
Mudcasts in Clinton group. 67. 
Mud-furrows, 237, 476. 
Mudstone, 189. 
Murchison, Mr., results of his labors, 20, 21. 
Murchison and Vemeuil, investigations in Russia, 21. 
Muriate of soda, see Soda. 
Names, local, 23. 
Negative knowledge useful, 4. 
New channels formed by rivers, 377. 
New-York rocks, extent, etc., overlaid by no formation more 
modern than the coal, 24; their diminution to the westward, 
22 . 
New-York system, subdivisions of, 18; equivalent to the 
Transition of Werner, 20i 
New Red sandstone and Tertiary, 317, 
Niagara county, rocks of, surface, etc. 440. 
Niagara falls, 80, 96 ; its past, present and prospective con¬ 
dition, 383; recession of, 390, 398 ; table of observations 
on the present position of, 404; section of, 397 ; trigono¬ 
metrical survey of, 402; monuments erected near, 402. 
Niagara group, general features of, 80; subdivisions of, 81, 
84; topographical features of, 96 ; localities, 96; thickness, 
97 ; minerals of, 98 ; springs in, 99; agricultural charac¬ 
ters, 99 ; organic remains, 100. 
Niagara limestone, its mode of formation, 87 ; striated sur¬ 
face of, 95; thickening of strata, 92 ; concretionary struc¬ 
ture of, 86, 93, 94; geodes in, 86; enerinal columns in, 
90; subdivisions near Rochester, 87; subdivisions at 
Lockport, 89 ; Porites with linear cavities, 90. 
Niagara river, 83, 97; quantity of water flowing in, 401; 
water abstracted by the canals, 401. 
Niagara sandstone, 34. 
Nicollet, Mr., his investigations west of the Mississippi, 23. 
Nitrogen gas, 308, 451. 
Nomenclature, objects of, 2. 
Non-existence of the Coal formation in New-York, 4. 
Nucula, 29, 30, 76, 196, 245. 
Nunda, 217. 
Nundagioup, see Portage group. 
O. 
Oak openings, 137. 
Oak-orchard creek, 393. 
Objects of the survey, 2, 
Odontocephalus, 175. 
Oil spring, 491. 
Old Red sandstone, or Old Red system, 19 ; recognized by 
Mr. Eaton, 6. 
Old Red sandstone, general characters, 278 ; position with 
regard to the Coal measures of Pennsylvania and Indiana, 
278, 280; localities of, 280; organic remains, 290 ; con¬ 
nexion with the Chemung group, 482; an impure iron ore, 
482. 
Olive or bluish fissile shale of the Hamilton group, 117. 
Olmstead, Prof., survey of North-Carolina, 23. 
Oneida conglomerate and Grey sandstone, 31. 
Oneonta sandstone, 278. 
Onondaga limestone, extent and general characters, 151, 
152; localities of, 156; thickness and minerals of, 157; 
organic remains, 157 ; local details of, 456, 460, 466, 471. 
Onondaga-salt group, general characters of, 117; localities, 
118; subdivisions, 119, 120; plaster beds, 121-125; 
porous limestone, 128; upper deposit, 128; lignilites. or 
epsomites, 131; shrinkage cracks, 133; minerals, 134; 
brine springs, 134 ; wells and springs, 136 ; agricultural 
characters, 130; organic remains, 137; localities of super¬ 
position, 139, 140; local details of, 422, 449, 453, 459, 
464, 469. 
Ontario county, rocks of, etc. 453? 
