INDEX 
673 
Ridges, parallel, 357 ; north and south, 341 ; not found north 
of the Ridge road ; and beaches, modem, 354. 
Ridges (lake), in Ohio and Michigan, and their elevation, 
351 ; remains of wood in the sand of, 349. 
Ridge roads of Lakes Erie and Ontario, 348, 349, 414 ; 
division of the ridge in Niagara county, 350. 
Ripplemarks, 49, 230, 257, 476. 
Rippled surfaces in Steuben county, 480. 
River courses changed by superficial materials, 389. 
Rivers, new channels formed by, 373. 
Rochester, 98, 99, 100. 
Rochester shale, 80. 
Rock city, 285, 289. 
Rock formations of the Western States, identity with those 
of New-York, 500. 
Rocking stones, 341. 
Rogers, Prof. H. D,, surveys of New-Jersey and Pennsyl¬ 
vania, 23 ; paper on the Falls of Niagara, 395. 
Rogers, Prof. W. B., survey of Virginia, 23. 
Roy, Mr., his examination of ancient beaches, 353. 
Rutile, 99. 
S. 
Saliferous group of Onondaga, 453. 
Saliferous rock, 34. 
Salines, or brine springs, 314; their origin, 127 ; of the 
Medina sandstone, 44. 
Salmon river, 317. 
Salt springs, 45, 418, 427, 436, 446, 484, 491 ; of Salina, 
their geological situation confounded with those bordering 
Lake Ontario, 8» 
Salt springs supposed to increase in strength on descending, 
446. 
Sand, 426, 445, 487; between layers of rock, 329 ; used in 
hydraulic cement, 143 ; and gravel, see Drift. 
Sandbars, removal of, 409. 
Sandrock, calciferous, 28. 
Sandstone, Potsdam, 27 ; Grey, 31; Medina, 34 ; Oriskany, 
146; Old Red, 278; New Red, 317 ; Portage, 225, 226, 
228 ; Niagara, 34; Oneonta, 278. 
Sandstone, concretionary, 485, 492 ; red, marly and shaly, 
31 ; grey, quartzose, 37; red shale and, 38; greenish, 
grey, argillaceous, 39 ; bituminous, 310, 485; with oolitic 
limestone, 508; olive shaly, 248; micaceous, 492. 
Sandy beach and stranded shells, 52, 53, 290. 
Sanguinolaria, 317. 
Sauripteris, 281, 282. 
Scenery of the Medina sandstone, 35. 
Schoharie grit, 151. 
Scutella limestone, 145. 
Second great division of the New-York rocks, 24. 
Second green shale, 64. 
Sedimentary deposits, their influence on organic forms, 249. 
Selenite, 90, 98, 120, 453, 480. 
Selenurus rock, 170. 
Seneca county, rocks of, etc. 449. 
Seneca lake, 406. 
LGeol. 4th Dist.] 
Seneca limestone, 161. 
Seneca oil, see Petroleum. 
Seneca river, ancient course of, 415. 
Septaria, see Concretions. 
Shale, Rochester, 80; Marcellus, 177; Ludlowville, 184, 
187; Skaneateles, 184; Sherburne, 184,224; Cashaqua, 
218, 224, 226, 462, 467, 473; Hamilton, 225 ; Moscow, 
187, 472; Chemung, 252; Niagara, 81; second green of 
Clinton group, 64 ; lower green of ditto, 59. 
Shale, dark slaty fossiliferous, 187 ; carbonaceous, 84 ; 
compact calcareous blue, 187 ; olive or bluish fissile, 187 ; 
red, and sandstone, 38; black bituminous of Ohio and 
Indiana, 508 ; and flagstones of Gardeau, 227 ; black 
micaceous, 248, 485. 
Shales become thin west of the Genesee river, 190; extend 
from the east to Lake Erie, 191; used as plaster, 463. 
Shells stranded on a sandy beach, 52; freshwater, at the 
Whirlpool, 403. 
Shell grit, 148. 
Shell limerock, 107. 
Shell mail, 428, 479. 
Shepard, Prof. C. U. & Dr. Percival, survey of Connecticut, 
23. 
Shot ore, 438. 
Shrinkage cracks, 51, 133, 147, 230. 
Sigillaria, 275. 
Siliceous sinter, 67. 
Silicified shells, 63. 
Silurian system, equivalent to the Hamilton group, 20. 
Silver lake, 407. 
Slate, Genesee, 218 ; Utica, 29; Calciferous, 80, 117. 
Slide, Gardeau, 463. 
Slippery-rock creek, 409. 
Smooth surfaces of grey quartzose sandstone, 37. 
Soda, muriate, 98. 
Sodus point iron ore, 62. 
Soil, 99, 105, 179, 240, 416, 424, 435, 443, 453, 473, 474, 
481, 843, 498, 495, 496. 
Sources of prosperity in the Fourth district, 499. 
Spar, see Carbonate of lime. 
Sparganiuro, 357. 
Spermaceti-like substance in concretions of Genesee slate, 
227. 
Sphenopteris, 275. 
Spheroidal desquamation, 257. 
Springs, 99, 136, 426, 436, 445. 
Springs, Caledonia, 170; Canoga, 170, 308. 
Springs in the Medina sandstone, 44; in the Niagara group, 
99 ; and wells of the Onondaga-salt group, 136 ; in the 
Corniferous limestone, 168; of the Marcellus shale, 179 ; 
in the Hamilton group, 194; Portage group, 239 ; Chemung 
group, 260. 
Springs, salt, 417, 427, 436, 446, 484, 491 ; mineral and gas, 
308; evolving carburetted hydrogen and petroleum (burning 
springs), 309, 310; nitrogen, 308 ; sulphuretted hydrogen, 
311 ; brine or saline, 314; sulphur, 417, 436, 445, 491; in 
86 
